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@PHDTHESIS{Heil:280632,
      author       = {Heil, Jannis},
      title        = {{T}he role of abiotic processes in the formation and
                      degradation of gaseous nitrogen compounds in the soil},
      volume       = {297},
      school       = {Universität Bonn},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-00397},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-106-4},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {XIV, 106 S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {Dissertation, Universität Bonn, 2015},
      abstract     = {Soils are a major source of nitrogen (N) trace gases,
                      especially of nitrous oxide (N$_{2}$O) and nitricoxide (NO).
                      The two microbial processes nitrification and
                      denitrification are considered the major contributors to
                      these emissions. While microbial denitrification has long
                      been identified as a sourceof N trace gases under reducing
                      conditions, N trace gas formation under aerobic conditions
                      is far from being completely understood. Several abiotic
                      reactions involving the nitrification
                      intermediateshydroxylamine (NH$_{2}$OH) and nitrite
                      (NO$^{-}_{2}$) have been identified leading to N$_{2}$O and
                      NO emissions,but are neglected in most current studies.
                      Further, there is a potential a biotic sink function of
                      soils for N$_{2}$O via photochemical destruction. For better
                      N trace gas mitigation strategies, the identification of the
                      major source and sink processes and their role in the global
                      N cycle is vital. Prior to the experimental work, this
                      thesis reviews information about the role of abiotic
                      processes in the formation of N trace gases from the few
                      available studies reporting on a biotic emissions. It merges
                      the gained information into a new conceptual model
                      explaining the formation of the N trace gases N$_{2}$O, NO,
                      as well as gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) by coupled
                      biotic–abiotic reaction mechanisms. The relevant reactions
                      are: the self-decomposition of NO$^{-}_{2}$, reactions of
                      NO$^{-}_{2}$ with reduced metal cations, the nitrosation of
                      soil organic matter (SOM) by NO$^{-}_{2}$, the
                      comproportionation of NO$^{-}_{2}$ and NH$_{2}$OH, and the
                      oxidation of NH$_{2}$OH by manganese or iron. While
                      reactions involving NO$^{-}_{2}$ have been shown to produce
                      primarily NO, reactions of NH$_{2}$OH are known to lead to
                      N$_{2}$O as their main product. In soils it is difficult to
                      discriminate between biological and abiotic processes. Here,
                      stable isotope techniques are a promising tool to give more
                      insight into the production processes. Especially the site
                      preference (SP) of 15N in N$_{2}$O can help to source
                      partition between processes. Experiments have been designed
                      to study the abiotic formation of N$_{2}$O from NH$_{2}$OH
                      in solutions and in different non-sterile and sterile soils
                      from forest, grassland, and cropland. While organic forest
                      soils showed hardly any N$_{2}$O formation upon NH$_{2}$OH
                      addition, an immediate and strong formation of N$_{2}$O was
                      observed in cropland soil, also in sterilized samples. A
                      correlation analysis revealed apotential positive
                      relationship of the NH$_{2}$OH-induced N$_{2}$O formation
                      with soil pH and manganese content, construing an effect of
                      pH on NH$_{2}$OH stability and of manganese acting as an
                      oxidation agent for NH$_{2}$OH. A negative correlation
                      between abiotic N$_{2}$O formation and C/N ratio was found
                      that could indicate a possible competitive reaction of
                      NH$_{2}$OH with functional groups of SOM. Allabiotic
                      N$_{2}$O production pathways showed a characteristic, high
                      SP unaffected by reaction conditions. [...]},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2016022944},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/280632},
}