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@ARTICLE{Ltari:280654,
      author       = {Lätari, Kira and Wüst, Florian and Hübner, Michaela and
                      Schaub, Patrick and Beisel, Kim Gabriele and Matsubara,
                      Shizue and Beyer, Peter and Welsch, Ralf},
      title        = {{T}issue-{S}pecific {A}pocarotenoid {G}lycosylation
                      {C}ontributes to {C}arotenoid {H}omeostasis in {A}rabidopsis
                      {L}eaves},
      journal      = {Plant physiology},
      volume       = {168},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1532-2548},
      address      = {Rockville, Md.},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-00418},
      pages        = {1550 - 1562},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Attaining defined steady-state carotenoid levels requires
                      balancing of the rates governing their synthesis and
                      metabolism. Phytoene formation mediated by phytoene synthase
                      (PSY) is rate limiting in the biosynthesis of carotenoids,
                      whereas carotenoid catabolism involves a multitude of
                      nonenzymatic and enzymatic processes. We investigated
                      carotenoid and apocarotenoid formation in Arabidopsis
                      (Arabidopsis thaliana) in response to enhanced pathway flux
                      upon PSY overexpression. This resulted in a dramatic
                      accumulation of mainly β-carotene in roots and nongreen
                      calli, whereas carotenoids remained unchanged in leaves. We
                      show that, in chloroplasts, surplus PSY was partially
                      soluble, localized in the stroma and, therefore, inactive,
                      whereas the membrane-bound portion mediated a doubling of
                      phytoene synthesis rates. Increased pathway flux was not
                      compensated by enhanced generation of long-chain
                      apocarotenals but resulted in higher levels of C13
                      apocarotenoid glycosides (AGs). Using mutant lines deficient
                      in carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), we identified
                      CCD4 as being mainly responsible for the majority of AGs
                      formed. Moreover, changed AG patterns in the carotene
                      hydroxylase mutants lutein deficient1 (lut1) and lut5
                      exhibiting altered leaf carotenoids allowed us to define
                      specific xanthophyll species as precursors for the
                      apocarotenoid aglycons detected. In contrast to leaves,
                      carotenoid hyperaccumulating roots contained higher levels
                      of β-carotene-derived apocarotenals, whereas AGs were
                      absent. These contrasting responses are associated with
                      tissue-specific capacities to synthesize xanthophylls, which
                      thus determine the modes of carotenoid accumulation and
                      apocarotenoid formation.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000359317400032},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26134165},
      doi          = {10.1104/pp.15.00243},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/280654},
}