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@ARTICLE{Dovern:281020,
      author       = {Dovern, Anna and Fink, Gereon R. and Timpert, David C. and
                      Saliger, Jochen and Karbe, Hans and Weiss, Peter H. and
                      Koch, Iring},
      title        = {{T}iming {M}atters? {L}earning of {C}omplex
                      {S}patiotemporal {S}equences in {L}eft-hemisphere {S}troke
                      {P}atients},
      journal      = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
      volume       = {28},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1530-8898},
      address      = {Cambridge, Mass.},
      publisher    = {MIT Pr. Journals},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-00731},
      pages        = {223 - 236},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {During rehabilitation after stroke motor sequence learning
                      is of particular importance because considerable effort is
                      devoted to (re)acquiring lost motor skills. Previous studies
                      suggest that implicit motor sequence learning is preserved
                      in stroke patients but were restricted to the spatial
                      dimension, although the timing of single action components
                      is as important as their spatial order. As the left parietal
                      cortex is known to play a critical role in implicit timing
                      and spatiotemporal integration, in this study we applied an
                      adapted version of the SRT task designed to assess both
                      spatial (different stimulus locations) and temporal
                      (different response–stimulus intervals) aspects of motor
                      learning to 24 right-handed patients with a single
                      left-hemisphere (LH) stroke and 24 age-matched healthy
                      controls. Implicit retrieval of sequence knowledge was
                      tested both at Day 1 and after 24 hr (Day 2). Additionally,
                      voxel-based lesion symptom mapping was used to investigate
                      the neurobiological substrates of the behavioral effects.
                      Although LH stroke patients showed a combined spatiotemporal
                      learning effect that was comparable to that observed in
                      controls, LH stroke patients did not show learning effects
                      for the learning probes in which only one type of sequence
                      information was maintained whereas the other one was
                      randomized. Particularly on Day 2, patients showed
                      significantly smaller learning scores for these two learning
                      probes than controls. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping
                      analyses revealed for all learning probes that diminished
                      learning scores on Day 2 were associated with lesions of the
                      striatum. This might be attributed to its role in motor
                      chunking and offline consolidation as group differences
                      occurred on Day 2 only. The current results suggest that LH
                      stroke patients rely on multimodal information (here:
                      temporal and spatial information) when retrieving motor
                      sequence knowledge and are very sensitive to any disruption
                      of the learnt sequence information as they seem to build
                      very rigid chunks preventing them from forming independent
                      spatial and temporal sequence representations.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {400},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000367450100003},
      doi          = {10.1162/jocn_a_00890},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/281020},
}