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@ARTICLE{Wongrach:281500,
      author       = {Wongrach, K. and Finken, K. H. and Abdullaev, Sadrilla and
                      Willi, O. and Zeng, L. and Xu, Y.},
      title        = {{R}unaway electron studies in {TEXTOR}},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {55},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1741-4326},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-01193},
      pages        = {053008 -},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {The evolution of runaway electrons in disruptive plasmas in
                      TEXTOR is determined by observing the synchrotron radiation
                      (hard component E > 25 MeV) and by measuring the runway
                      electrons with an energy of a few MeV using a scintillator
                      probe. Disruptions are initiated by a massive argon gas
                      injection performed by a fast valve. The observed runaway
                      beam of the high energy component (synchrotron radiation)
                      fills about half of the diameter of the original plasma. The
                      beam is smooth and shows no indication of filamentation. The
                      initial conditions are in all cases very similar. The
                      temporal development of the runaway electrons, however, is
                      different: one observes cases with and without subsequent
                      mode excitation and other cases in which the hard runaway
                      component survives the apparent end of the runaway plateau.
                      Several methods are applied to remove the runaway electrons
                      including massive gas injection from two additional valves
                      of different sizes as well as external and internal
                      ergodization by inducing a tearing mode. The mitigation is
                      only marginally successful and it is clearly found that the
                      runaways in disruptions are substantially more robust than
                      runaways created in stationary, low density discharges.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {172 - Tokamak Physics (POF3-172)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-172},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000353546700009},
      doi          = {10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053008},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/281500},
}