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@ARTICLE{Steudel:281592,
      author       = {Steudel, I. and Huber, A. and Kreter, A. and Linke, J. and
                      Sergienko, G. and Unterberg, B. and Wirtz, M.},
      title        = {{S}equential and simultaneous thermal and particle exposure
                      of tungsten},
      journal      = {Physica scripta},
      volume       = {T167},
      issn         = {1402-4896},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IoP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-01281},
      pages        = {014053 -},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The broad array of expected loading conditions in a fusion
                      reactor such as ITER necessitates high requirements on the
                      plasma facing materials (PFMs). Tungsten, the PFM for the
                      divertor region, the most affected part of the in-vessel
                      components, must thus sustain severe, distinct exposure
                      conditions. Accordingly, comprehensive experiments
                      investigating sequential and simultaneous thermal and
                      particle loads were performed on double forged pure
                      tungsten, not only to investigate whether the thermal and
                      particle loads cause damage but also if the sequence of
                      exposure maintains an influence. The exposed specimens
                      showed various kinds of damage such as roughening,
                      blistering, and cracking at a base temperature where
                      tungsten could be ductile enough to compensate the induced
                      stresses exclusively by plastic deformation (Pintsuk et al
                      2011 J. Nucl. Mater. 417 481–6). It was found out that
                      hydrogen has an adverse effect on the material performance
                      and the loading sequence on the surface modification.},
      cin          = {IEK-4 / IEK-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000383504700054},
      doi          = {10.1088/0031-8949/T167/1/014053},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/281592},
}