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@ARTICLE{Huber:281593,
      author       = {Huber, A. and Sergienko, G. and Wirtz, M. and Steudel, I.
                      and Arakcheev, A. and Brezinsek, S. and Burdakov, A. and
                      Dittmar, T. and Esser, H. G. and Kreter, A. and Linke, J.
                      and Linsmeier, Christian and Mertens, Philippe and Möller,
                      S. and Philipps, V. and Pintsuk, G. and Reinhart, M. and
                      Schweer, B. and Shoshin, A. and Terra, A. and Unterberg, B.},
      title        = {{I}mpact on the deuterium retention of simultaneous
                      exposure of tungsten to a steady state plasma and transient
                      heat cycling loads},
      journal      = {Physica scripta},
      volume       = {T167},
      issn         = {1402-4896},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IoP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-01282},
      pages        = {014046 -},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The impact on the deuterium retention of simultaneous
                      exposure of tungsten to a steady-state plasma and transient
                      cyclic heat loads has been studied in the linear PSI-2
                      facility with the main objective of qualifying tungsten (W)
                      as plasma-facing material. The transient heat loads were
                      applied by a high-energy laser, a Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064
                      nm) with an energy per pulse of up to 32 J and a duration of
                      1 ms. A pronounced increase in the D retention by a factor
                      of 13 has been observed during the simultaneous transient
                      heat loads and plasma exposure. These data indicate that the
                      hydrogen clustering is enhanced by the thermal shock
                      exposures, as seen on the increased blister size due to
                      mobilization and thermal production of defects during
                      transients. In addition, the significant increase of the D
                      retention during the simultaneous loads could be explained
                      by an increased diffusion of D atoms into the W material due
                      to strong temperature gradients during the laser pulse
                      exposure and to an increased mobility of D atoms along the
                      shock-induced cracks. Only $24\%$ of the retained deuterium
                      is located inside the near-surface layer (d<4 μm). Enhanced
                      blister formation has been observed under combined loading
                      conditions at power densities close to the threshold for
                      damaging. Blisters are not mainly responsible for the
                      pronounced increase of the D retention.},
      cin          = {IEK-4 / IEK-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000383504700047},
      doi          = {10.1088/0031-8949/T167/1/014046},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/281593},
}