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@ARTICLE{Popovych:281683,
      author       = {Popovych, Oleksandr and Xenakis, Markos and Tass, Peter A.},
      title        = {{T}he {S}pacing {P}rinciple for {U}nlearning {A}bnormal
                      {N}euronal {S}ynchrony},
      journal      = {PLoS one},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {Lawrence, Kan.},
      publisher    = {PLoS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-01371},
      pages        = {e0117205 -},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Desynchronizing stimulation techniques were developed to
                      specifically counteract abnormal neuronal synchronization
                      relevant to several neurological and psychiatric disorders.
                      The goal of our approach is to achieve an anti-kindling,
                      where the affected neural networks unlearn abnormal synaptic
                      connectivity and, hence, abnormal neuronal synchrony, by
                      means of desynchronizing stimulation, in particular,
                      Coordinated Reset (CR) stimulation. As known from
                      neuroscience, psychology and education, learning effects can
                      be enhanced by means of the spacing principle, i.e. by
                      delivering repeated stimuli spaced by pauses as opposed to
                      delivering a massed stimulus (in a single long stimulation
                      session). To illustrate that the spacing principle may boost
                      the anti-kindling effect of CR neuromodulation, in this
                      computational study we carry this approach to extremes. To
                      this end, we deliver spaced CR neuromodulation at
                      particularly weak intensities which render permanently
                      delivered CR neuromodulation ineffective. Intriguingly,
                      spaced CR neuromodulation at these particularly weak
                      intensities effectively induces an anti-kindling. In fact,
                      the spacing principle enables the neuronal population to
                      successively hop from one attractor to another one, finally
                      approaching attractors characterized by down-regulated
                      synaptic connectivity and synchrony. Our computational
                      results might open up novel opportunities to effectively
                      induce sustained desynchronization at particularly weak
                      stimulation intensities, thereby avoiding side effects,
                      e.g., in the case of deep brain stimulation.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {89574 - Theory, modelling and simulation (POF2-89574)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89574},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000350168700030},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25714553},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0117205},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/281683},
}