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@ARTICLE{Hamm:28257,
      author       = {Hamm, H. W. and Merkel, R. and Springer, O. and Jurkojc, P.
                      and Maier, C. and Prechtel, K. and Smetacek, V.},
      title        = {{A}rchitecture and material properties of diatom shells
                      provide effective mechanical protection},
      journal      = {Nature},
      volume       = {421},
      issn         = {0028-0836},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publising Group},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-28257},
      pages        = {841 - 843},
      year         = {2003},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Diatoms are the major contributors to phytoplankton blooms
                      in lakes and in the sea and hence are central in aquatic
                      ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. All free-living
                      diatoms differ from other phytoplankton groups in having
                      silicified cell walls in the form of two 'shells' (the
                      frustule) of manifold shape and intricate architecture whose
                      function and role, if any, in contributing to the
                      evolutionary success of diatoms is under debate. We explored
                      the defence potential of the frustules as armour against
                      predators by measuring their strength. Real and virtual
                      loading tests (using calibrated glass microneedles and
                      finite element analysis) were performed on centric and
                      pennate diatom cells. Here we show that the frustules are
                      remarkably strong by virtue of their architecture and the
                      material properties of the diatom silica. We conclude that
                      diatom frustules have evolved as mechanical protection for
                      the cells because exceptional force is required to break
                      them. The evolutionary arms race between diatoms and their
                      specialized predators will have had considerable influence
                      in structuring pelagic food webs and biogeochemical cycles.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Biomechanics / Calibration / Carbon: analysis /
                      Cell Wall: chemistry / Cell Wall: physiology / Diatoms:
                      chemistry / Diatoms: classification / Diatoms: cytology /
                      Diatoms: physiology / Food Chain / Glass / Needles /
                      Phytoplankton: chemistry / Phytoplankton: classification /
                      Phytoplankton: cytology / Phytoplankton: physiology /
                      Silicon Dioxide / Species Specificity / Carbon (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Silicon Dioxide (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ISG-4},
      ddc          = {070},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB44},
      pnm          = {Kondensierte Materie},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK242},
      shelfmark    = {Multidisciplinary Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:12594512},
      UT           = {WOS:000181044700047},
      doi          = {10.1038/nature01416},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/28257},
}