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@ARTICLE{vanDusschoten:283462,
      author       = {van Dusschoten, Dagmar and Metzner, Ralf and Kochs,
                      Johannes and Postma, Johannes Auke and Pflugfelder, Daniel
                      and Bühler, Jonas and Schurr, Ulrich and Jahnke, Siegfried},
      title        = {{Q}uantitative 3{D} {A}nalysis of {P}lant {R}oots growing
                      in {S}oil using {M}agnetic {R}esonance {I}maging},
      journal      = {Plant physiology},
      volume       = {170},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1532-2548},
      address      = {Rockville, Md.},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-01817},
      pages        = {1176-1188},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Precise measurements of root system architecture traits are
                      an important requirement for plant phenotyping. Most of the
                      current methods for analyzing root growth require either
                      artificial growing conditions (e.g. hydroponics), are
                      severely restricted in the fraction of roots detectable
                      (e.g. rhizotrons), or are destructive (e.g. soil coring). On
                      the other hand, modalities such as magnetic resonance
                      imaging (MRI) are noninvasive and allow high-quality
                      three-dimensional imaging of roots in soil. Here, we present
                      a plant root imaging and analysis pipeline using MRI
                      together with an advanced image visualization and analysis
                      software toolbox named NMRooting. Pots up to 117 mm in
                      diameter and 800 mm in height can be measured with the 4.7 T
                      MRI instrument used here. For 1.5 l pots (81 mm diameter,
                      300 mm high), a fully automated system was developed
                      enabling measurement of up to 18 pots per day. The most
                      important root traits that can be nondestructively monitored
                      over time are root mass, length, diameter, tip number, and
                      growth angles (in two-dimensional polar coordinates) and
                      spatial distribution. Various validation measurements for
                      these traits were performed, showing that roots down to a
                      diameter range between 200 μm and 300 μm can be
                      quantitatively measured. Root fresh weight correlates
                      linearly with root mass determined by MRI. We demonstrate
                      the capabilities of MRI and the dedicated imaging pipeline
                      in experimental series performed on soil-grown maize (Zea
                      mays) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000375420300003},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26729797},
      doi          = {10.1104/pp.15.01388},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/283462},
}