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@ARTICLE{Esler:28517,
      author       = {Esler, J. G. and Haynes, P. H. and Law, K. S. and Barjat,
                      H. and Dewey, K. and Kent, J. and Schmitgen, S. and Brough,
                      N.},
      title        = {{T}ransport and mixing between airmasses in cold frontal
                      regions during {D}ynamics and {C}hemistry of {F}rontal
                      {Z}ones ({DCFZ})},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {108},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-28517},
      pages        = {D4},
      year         = {2003},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {[1] The passage of two cold front systems over the United
                      Kingdom are compared and contrasted, using the results of a
                      detailed aircraft and ground-based study. The measurements
                      are interpreted by means of three-dimensional,
                      reverse-domain-filling trajectories using both global models
                      and limited-area mesoscale models. This method provides a
                      three-dimensional picture of the interleaving air-masses in
                      the frontal zone as defined by their Lagrangian histories.
                      The two systems studied differ in that the first is
                      associated with an intense surface low in January and the
                      second is associated with a relatively weak surface low in
                      April. In the intense surface low case the trajectory study
                      suggests that a dry intrusion with stratospheric
                      characteristics penetrated deep into the troposphere along
                      the upper level front. Measurements indeed revealed an
                      unsaturated layer with anomalously high ozone. This layer
                      was intersected at four levels in the troposphere (at 8.5,
                      7.1, 5.2 and 3.7 km), and the lower the intersection, the
                      lower the measured anomalous ozone and the higher the water
                      vapor content. It is argued that this is best explained by
                      the dry-intrusion layer becoming mixed with background air
                      by three-dimensional turbulence, also encountered by the
                      aircraft, along the upper level front. Evidence for this
                      mixing is apparent on tracer-tracer scatterplots. In the
                      weak surface low case, by contrast, the dry intrusion has a
                      more complex structure, with up to three separate layers of
                      enhanced ozone and low humidity. Strong evidence for mixing
                      was apparent only in the lowest layer. The weaker system may
                      therefore be much more efficient at transporting upper
                      tropospheric/stratospheric ozone to the lower troposphere.
                      The transport of boundary layer air to the upper troposphere
                      in the warm conveyor belt (WCB), however, was found to be
                      around 8 times stronger in the intense system. Sonde
                      measurements suggested that the WCB was ventilated by
                      convection from the surface front in some regions to about
                      5-6 km, while it was stably stratified in other regions,
                      suggesting layerwise long-range transport.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-II},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB48},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000182068900001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2001JD001494},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/28517},
}