000028963 001__ 28963 000028963 005__ 20240709074216.0 000028963 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1023/A:1024858532005 000028963 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000184319800004 000028963 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:21551436 000028963 037__ $$aPreJuSER-28963 000028963 041__ $$aeng 000028963 082__ $$a550 000028963 084__ $$2WoS$$aEnvironmental Sciences 000028963 084__ $$2WoS$$aMeteorology & Atmospheric Sciences 000028963 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB19716$$aWirtz, K. W.$$b0$$uFZJ 000028963 245__ $$aA Global Dynamic Model of the Neolithic Transition 000028963 260__ $$aDordrecht [u.a.]$$bSpringer Science + Business Media B.V$$c2003 000028963 300__ $$a333 - 367 000028963 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article 000028963 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000028963 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000028963 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000028963 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000028963 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000028963 440_0 $$09908$$aClimatic Change$$v59$$x0165-0009$$y3 000028963 500__ $$aRecord converted from VDB: 12.11.2012 000028963 520__ $$aDuring the Holocene strong gradients in the distribution of technology including subsistence ways emerged on a global scale. These patterns were further amplified in historic times and are still visible through worldwide differences in national wealth. In order to evaluate major factors responsible for the shift from foraging to food production we here employ quantitative methods by developing a deterministic but simple model. After compiling existing maps of potential vegetation at 5000 BP the inhabited world is split into 197 regions with homogeneous environmental conditions. Suitable variables for the macro-economic and cultural development in the Neolithic period are found to be farming to hunting-gathering ratio, number of agricultural economies and a technological development index. The model explicitly describes economic adaptation, growth and migration of human populations together with the spread of their cultural characteristics; it accounts for over-exploitation of natural resources, crowding mortality and the climate variability on a millennium scale. In a thorough model validation region specific trajectories are compared to archaeological evidence revealing a high correspondence. Major parts of the known sequence of Neolithic centers including the timing differences are robustly reproduced. A series of known problems in prehistory is discussed comprising the lag between domestication and full scale farming, the off-leveling of the technological boost following the transition, the emergence of distinct migration waves and sensitivity to climate fluctuations. Not mere population pressure but continuous innovation and competition between subsistence strategies is identified as a prime mover of agricultural development. The results suggest that few aspects of biogeography may have determined the observed continental gradients in the number of domesticable species ultimately leading to an increasing differentiation in technology and demography. 000028963 536__ $$0G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257$$2G:(DE-HGF)$$aChemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre$$cU01$$x0 000028963 588__ $$aDataset connected to Web of Science 000028963 650_7 $$2WoSType$$aJ 000028963 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB14290$$aLemmen, C.$$b1$$uFZJ 000028963 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1477652-2$$a10.1023/A:1024858532005$$gVol. 59, p. 333 - 367$$p333 - 367$$q59<333 - 367$$tClimatic change$$v59$$x0165-0009$$y2003 000028963 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024858532005 000028963 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:28963$$pVDB 000028963 9131_ $$0G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257$$bEnvironment (Umwelt)$$kU01$$lChemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre$$vChemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre$$x0 000028963 9141_ $$y2003 000028963 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0010$$aJCR/ISI refereed 000028963 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47$$d31.12.2006$$gICG$$kICG-I$$lStratosphäre$$x0 000028963 970__ $$aVDB:(DE-Juel1)24404 000028963 980__ $$aVDB 000028963 980__ $$aConvertedRecord 000028963 980__ $$ajournal 000028963 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013 000028963 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED 000028963 981__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)ICE-4-20101013 000028963 981__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013