% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Wirtz:28963,
      author       = {Wirtz, K. W. and Lemmen, C.},
      title        = {{A} {G}lobal {D}ynamic {M}odel of the {N}eolithic
                      {T}ransition},
      journal      = {Climatic change},
      volume       = {59},
      issn         = {0165-0009},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-28963},
      pages        = {333 - 367},
      year         = {2003},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {During the Holocene strong gradients in the distribution of
                      technology including subsistence ways emerged on a global
                      scale. These patterns were further amplified in historic
                      times and are still visible through worldwide differences in
                      national wealth. In order to evaluate major factors
                      responsible for the shift from foraging to food production
                      we here employ quantitative methods by developing a
                      deterministic but simple model. After compiling existing
                      maps of potential vegetation at 5000 BP the inhabited world
                      is split into 197 regions with homogeneous environmental
                      conditions. Suitable variables for the macro-economic and
                      cultural development in the Neolithic period are found to be
                      farming to hunting-gathering ratio, number of agricultural
                      economies and a technological development index. The model
                      explicitly describes economic adaptation, growth and
                      migration of human populations together with the spread of
                      their cultural characteristics; it accounts for
                      over-exploitation of natural resources, crowding mortality
                      and the climate variability on a millennium scale. In a
                      thorough model validation region specific trajectories are
                      compared to archaeological evidence revealing a high
                      correspondence. Major parts of the known sequence of
                      Neolithic centers including the timing differences are
                      robustly reproduced. A series of known problems in
                      prehistory is discussed comprising the lag between
                      domestication and full scale farming, the off-leveling of
                      the technological boost following the transition, the
                      emergence of distinct migration waves and sensitivity to
                      climate fluctuations. Not mere population pressure but
                      continuous innovation and competition between subsistence
                      strategies is identified as a prime mover of agricultural
                      development. The results suggest that few aspects of
                      biogeography may have determined the observed continental
                      gradients in the number of domesticable species ultimately
                      leading to an increasing differentiation in technology and
                      demography.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric
                      Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000184319800004},
      doi          = {10.1023/A:1024858532005},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/28963},
}