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@ARTICLE{Boulyga:29421,
      author       = {Boulyga, S. F. and Testa, C. and Desideri, D. and Becker,
                      J. S.},
      title        = {{O}ptimisation and application of {ICP}-{MS} and
                      alpha-spectrometry for determination of isotopic ratios of
                      depleted uranium and plutonium in samples collected in
                      {K}osovo},
      journal      = {Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0267-9477},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {ChemSoc},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-29421},
      pages        = {1283 - 1289},
      year         = {2001},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The determination of environmental contamination with
                      natural and artificial actinide isotopes and evaluation of
                      their source requires precise isotopic determination of
                      actinides, above all uranium and plutonium. This can be
                      achieved by alpha spectrometry or by inductively coupled
                      plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after chemical separation
                      of actinides. The performance of a sector-field ICP-MS
                      (ICP-SFMS) coupled to a low-flow micronebulizer with a
                      membrane desolvation unit, "Aridus'', was studied with
                      respect to precise isotopic measurements of uranium and
                      plutonium at the ultratrace level. The UH+/U+ formation rate
                      was about 3x10(-5) and a sensitivity for U-238 of up to
                      4x10(9) counts s(-1) ppm(-1) was achieved. The limit of
                      quantification (LOQ, 10s) for U-236 and Pu-239 using the
                      experimental arrangement described above was 0.6 pg l(-1) in
                      aqueous solution and 0.13 pg g(-1) in soil, respectively.
                      ICP-SFMS was used in comparison to alpha spectrometry to
                      measure the U and Pu concentrations and isotopic
                      compositions in two soil samples and in one penetrator
                      collected in Kosovo. ICP-MS permitted the determination of U
                      and Pu isotope ratios including the U-236 abundance and
                      Pu-240/Pu-239 ratio at ultratrace levels in soil samples of
                      up to 0.1 g. Depleted uranium (U-235/U-238= 0.00202
                      +/-0.00001) was determined in one penetrator and one soil
                      sample. Pu concentrations of (5.5 +/-0.1) x 10(-13) g g(-1)
                      and (4.4 +/-0.5) x 10(-13) g g(-1) (Pu-240/Pu-239=0.35
                      +/-0.10 and 0.27 +/-0.07, respectively) were found in both
                      soil samples from Kosovo. Besides plutonium, U-236
                      (3.1x10(-5) g g(-1)) and Am-241 (1.7x10(-12) g g(-1)) were
                      also detected in the penetrator sample, which indicates the
                      previous existence of neutron-related processes and points
                      to a possible presence of spent reactor uranium in
                      munitions. However, the most probable plutonium
                      contamination sources in analyzed soil samples from Kosovo
                      are mixed fallout including spent reactor fuel due to the
                      Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 and plutonium
                      due to nuclear weapon tests. Additional plutonium
                      contamination could not be determined in the Kosovo soil
                      sample containing depleted uranium with a detection limit of
                      about 10(-13) g g(-1).},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ZCH},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZCH-20090406},
      pnm          = {Entwicklung analytischer Verfahren},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK118},
      shelfmark    = {Chemistry, Analytical / Spectroscopy},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000172191500007},
      doi          = {10.1039/b103178n},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/29421},
}