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@BOOK{Anton:32190,
      author       = {Anton, Reiner and Quadakkers, Willem J.},
      title        = {{U}ntersuchungen zu den {V}ersagensmechanismen von
                      {W}ärmedämmschicht-{S}ystemen im {T}emperaturbereich von
                      900 bis 1050°{C} bei zyklischer {T}emperaturbelastung},
      volume       = {4056},
      issn         = {0944-2952},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-32190, Juel-4056},
      series       = {Berichte des Forschungszentrum Jülich},
      year         = {2003},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The present work examines the failure mechanisms of
                      TBC-coated systems during cyclic temperature exposure
                      without additional mechanical load in the temperature range
                      between 900°C and 1050°C. If failure appeared until an
                      testing duration of 5000h in the temperature range between
                      900°C and 950°C, it was driven by the formation of a
                      brittle chromium-carbide layer in the interdiffusion zone
                      between the substrate and the MCrAlY bondcoating. It can be
                      distinguished between two cases. At a low activity of chrome
                      in the MCrAlY, the carbon from the substrate can diffuse
                      into the bond coating and leads there to local
                      precipitations of chromium-carbide, that doesn't exert,
                      however, any effect on the bonding of the MCrAlY. If the
                      activity of chrome in the bond coating is however high, the
                      formation of a closed chromium-carbide layer caused cracks
                      and subsequent spallation during temperature changes. It
                      could be shown that specifically the elements rhenium and
                      aluminum contribute to a significan tincrease of the chrome
                      activity. If spallation of the TBC occurred in the
                      temperature range between 1000°C to 1050°C, it was
                      correlated with the oxidation of the bondcoating. A flawless
                      $\alpha$-Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ oxide layer doesn't necessarily
                      need to contribute to increased lifetimes. Since cracks have
                      their origin generally at defects, the crack propagation
                      takes place along the border between the bond coating and
                      the oxide layer for components with a pure oxide layer and a
                      smooth MCrAIY-surface. Considering a rough bond coating
                      surface, a crack will be initiated along the border between
                      oxide and TBC. In a defect containing oxide layer, however,
                      cracks that develop within the oxide can be stopped at
                      flaws. Consequently, an optimal bond coating seems to be one
                      that develops an existing optimal surface roughness and
                      trains a defect containing oxide layer with a slow growth
                      rate.},
      cin          = {IWV-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB2},
      pnm          = {Werkstoffsysteme für Kraftwerke},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK248},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/32190},
}