% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Luo:32491,
      author       = {Luo, B. P. and Peter, Th. and Wernli, H. and Flüglistaler,
                      S. and Wirth, M. and Kiemle, C. and Flentje, H. and Yushkov,
                      V. A. and Khattatov, V. and Rudakov, V. and Thomas, A. and
                      Borrmann, S. and Toci, G. and Mazzinghi, P. and Beuermann,
                      J. and Schiller, C. and Cairo, F. and di Donfrancesco, G.
                      and Adriani, A. and Volk, C. M. and Strom, J. and Noone, K.
                      and Mitev, V. and MacKenzie, R. A. and Carslaw, K. S. and
                      Trautmann, T. and Santacesaria, V. and Stefanutti, L.},
      title        = {{U}ltrathin tropical tropopause clouds ({UTTC}s) {II}:
                      stabilization mechanism},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-32491},
      pages        = {1093 - 1100},
      year         = {2003},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Mechanisms by which subvisible cirrus clouds (SVCs) might
                      contribute to dehydration close to the tropical tropopause
                      are not well understood. Recently Ultrathin Tropical
                      Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs) with optical depths around 10(-4)
                      have been detected in the western Indian ocean. These clouds
                      cover thousands of square kilometers as 200-300 m thick
                      distinct and homogeneous layer just below the tropical
                      tropopause. In their condensed phase UTTCs contain only
                      $1-5\%$ of the total water, and essentially no nitric acid.
                      A new cloud stabilization mechanism is required to explain
                      this small fraction of the condensed water content in the
                      clouds and their small vertical thickness. This work
                      suggests a mechanism, which forces the particles into a thin
                      layer, based on upwelling of the air of some mm/s to balance
                      the ice particles, supersaturation with respect to ice above
                      and subsaturation below the UTTC. In situ measurements
                      suggest that these requirements are fulfilled. The basic
                      physical properties of this mechanism are explored by means
                      of a single particle model. Comprehensive 1-D cloud
                      simulations demonstrate this stabilization mechanism to be
                      robust against rapid temperature fluctuations of +/-0.5 K.
                      However, rapid warming (DeltaT>2 K) leads to evaporation of
                      the UTTC, while rapid cooling (DeltaT<2 K) leads to
                      destabilization of the particles with the potential for
                      significant dehydration below the cloud.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000184508700002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/32491},
}