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@ARTICLE{McKenzie:34180,
      author       = {McKenzie, R. and Johnston, P. and Hofzumahaus, A. and
                      Kraus, A. and Madronich, S. and Cantrell, C. and Calvert, J.
                      and Shetter, R.},
      title        = {{R}elationship between photolysis frequencies derived from
                      spectroscopic measurements of actinic fluxes and irradiances
                      during the {IPMMI} campaign},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {107},
      issn         = {0022-1406},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-34180},
      pages        = {ACH 1-1 - ACH 1-16},
      year         = {2002},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {[1] The relationship between photolysis frequencies derived
                      from spectroscopic measurements of actinic fluxes and
                      irradiances was determined during a coordinated measurement
                      campaign (International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and
                      Modeling Intercomparison campaign (IPMMI)). When differences
                      in viewing geometries are taken into account, the
                      measurements are in close agreement. An empirical
                      relationship, which is useful for high sun (noon) conditions
                      or for daily integrals, was found to convert irradiance data
                      to photolysis frequencies. For low-sun conditions (large
                      solar zenith angle), model calculations were shown to
                      improve the accuracy. However, the input parameters to the
                      model are site specific and the conversion depends on
                      diffuse/direct ratios. During cloudy conditions, significant
                      improvements in the conversion can be achieved by assuming
                      the radiation field to comprise entirely diffuse isotropic
                      radiation when the UVA transmission by cloud is less than
                      0.8. Changing cloud conditions remain the greatest
                      limitation, but they tend to bias the results away from the
                      clear-sky case in a systematic way. Furthermore, although
                      the cloud effects on the photolysis rates of nitrogen
                      dioxide (J(NO2)) are rather large, they are much smaller for
                      ozone photolysis (J(O-3 --> O(D-1))), which is of prime
                      importance in tropospheric chemistry. The study shows the
                      potential for deriving historical and geographical
                      differences in actinic fluxes from the extensive records of
                      ground-based measurements of spectral irradiance.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-II},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB48},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000178892700009},
      doi          = {10.1029/2001JD000601},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/34180},
}