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@ARTICLE{Vautard:34363,
      author       = {Vautard, R. and Martin, D. and Beekmann, M. and Dobronski,
                      P. and Friedrich, R. and Jaubertie, A. and Kley, D. and
                      Lattuati, M. and Moral, P. and Neininger, B. and Theloke,
                      J.},
      title        = {{P}aris emission inventory diagnostics from {ESQUIF}
                      airborne measurements and a chemistry transport model},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {108},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-34363},
      pages        = {17},
      year         = {2003},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {During the Atmospheric Pollution Over the Paris Area
                      (ESQUIF) experiment a series of airborne measurements were
                      collected in the vicinity of the city of Paris during smog
                      episodes. They are used in combination with an air quality
                      photochemical model in order to diagnose uncertainties in
                      the current emission inventory. Diagnostics are made by
                      comparing simulated with observed concentrations for
                      nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and primary hydrocarbons,
                      taking into account the chemistry and transport processes of
                      these compounds. An emphasis is put on the uncertainty of
                      the results, taking into account the finiteness of the
                      measurement samples, possible errors in the model transport,
                      and chemistry and measurement errors. We examine, in
                      particular, possible sources of bias in the model. For
                      instance, we show that boundary layer depth is
                      underestimated by at most $30\%$ on average. However,
                      sensitivity experiments showed that these model biases,
                      taken individually, cannot alter the qualitative aspects of
                      our results. Only a conspiracy of these biases could
                      possibly shift all our diagnostics toward significantly
                      different results. There is reasonable consistency between
                      simulated and measured concentrations. NOy simulations agree
                      with measured concentrations to within $35\%;$ CO
                      concentrations agree to within a factor of 2. There are
                      significant underestimations and overestimations in some
                      individual primary hydrocarbons. However, the total mass and
                      reactivity of the measured hydrocarbon mixture, which
                      accounts for only about half of the total emitted mass,
                      agree with modeled values to within an estimated uncertainty
                      of $40\%.$ The analysis of results provides clues for
                      improving emission inventories. It is found, for instance,
                      that temperature dependence, which is not considered here,
                      can be a key factor and that hydrocarbon emissions from
                      solvent use may suffer from inaccurate totals or speciation.
                      Another source of uncertainties may be the temporal or
                      spatial distributions of solvent activities.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-II},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB48},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000184868600001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2002JD002797},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/34363},
}