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@ARTICLE{Konopka:34883,
      author       = {Konopka, Paul and Steinhorst, H.-M. and Grooß, J.-U. and
                      Günther, G. and Müller, R. and Elkins, J. W. and Jost, H.
                      J. and Richard, E. and Schmidt, U. and Toon, G. and McKenna,
                      D. S.},
      title        = {{M}ixing and {O}zone {L}oss in the 1999-2000 {A}rctic
                      {V}ortex: {S}imulations with the 3-dimensional {C}hemical
                      {L}agrangian {M}odel of the {S}tratosphere ({CL}a{MS})},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {109},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-34883},
      pages        = {D02315},
      year         = {2004},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {[1] The three-dimensional (3-D) formulation of the Chemical
                      Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS-3d) is presented
                      that extends the isentropic version of CLaMS to
                      cross-isentropic transport. The cross-isentropic velocities
                      of the Lagrangian air parcels are calculated with a
                      radiation module and by taking into account profiles of
                      ozone and water vapor derived from a HALOE climatology. The
                      3-D extension of mixing maintains the most important feature
                      of the 2-D version as mixing is mainly controlled by the
                      horizontal deformations of the wind fields. In the 3-D
                      version, mixing is additionally driven by the vertical shear
                      in the flow. The impact of the intensity of mixing in the
                      3-D model formulation on simulated tracer distributions is
                      elucidated by comparing observations of CH4, Halon-1211, and
                      ozone from satellite, balloon, and ER-2 aircraft during the
                      SOLVE/ THESEO-2000 campaign. CLaMS-3d simulations span the
                      time period from early December 1999 to the middle of March
                      2000, with air parcels extending over the Northern
                      Hemisphere in the vertical range between 350 and 1400 K. The
                      adjustment of the CLaMS-3d mixing parameters to optimize
                      agreement with observations was obtained for strongly
                      inhomogeneous, deformation-induced mixing that affects only
                      about $10\%$ of the air parcels per day. The optimal choice
                      of the aspect ratio a defining the ratio of the mean
                      horizontal and vertical separation between the air parcels
                      was determined to be 250 for model configuration with a
                      horizontal resolution r(0) = 100 km. By transporting ozone
                      in CLaMS-3d as a passive tracer, the chemical ozone loss was
                      inferred as the difference between the observed and
                      simulated ozone profiles. The results show, in agreement
                      with previous studies, a substantial ozone loss between 380
                      and 520 K with a maximum loss at 460 K of about 1.9 ppmv,
                      i.e., of over $60\%$ locally, from December to the middle of
                      March 2000. During this period, the impact of isentropic
                      mixing across the vortex edge outweighs the effect of the
                      spatially inhomogeneous ( differential) descent on the
                      tracer/ ozone correlations in the vortex. Mixing into the
                      vortex shifts the early winter reference tracer/ ozone
                      correlation to higher values, which may lead to an
                      underestimate of chemical ozone loss, on average by 0.4 and
                      0.1 ppmv in the entire vortex and the vortex core,
                      respectively.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000188867500001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2003JD003792},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/34883},
}