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000037979 084__ $$2WoS$$aMaterials Science, Multidisciplinary
000037979 084__ $$2WoS$$aNuclear Science & Technology
000037979 084__ $$2WoS$$aMining & Mineral Processing
000037979 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB3265$$aRapp, J.$$b0$$uFZJ
000037979 245__ $$aOperational limits under different wall conditions on TEXTOR-94
000037979 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier Science$$c2001
000037979 300__ $$a1148 - 1154
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000037979 440_0 $$03620$$aJournal of Nuclear Materials$$v290-293$$x0022-3115
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000037979 520__ $$aGenerally the operational range of tokamaks is limited by the beta and the density limit. Experimentally it was found, that the appearance of MARFEs [B. Lipschultz, J. Nucl. Mater. 145-147 (1987) 15] inhibited an increase of the density significantly above the so-called Greenwald density (n(GW)) [M. Greenwald et al., Nucl. Fus. 28 (1988) 2199]. In TEXTOR-94 the onset of MARFEs has been investigated under different wall conditions. With fresh siliconization and fresh boronization the appearance of MARFEs can be postponed to higher densities (N-GW = (n) over bar (e/)n(GW) = 1.7). At those high densities (n) over bar (e) = 8 x 10(19) m(-3) the Z(eff) is reduced to 1.3. But as important as the reduction of the global impurity content is the suppressed carbon release on the high-field-side (HFS) just after wall conditioning, Modeling of the MARFE onset by the codes B2-Eirene and TECXY demonstrates that an instability on the HFS due to deuterium recycling and radiation only leads to the formation of MARFEs at higher line-averaged densities in comparison to calculations which include carbon impurities. Complete suppression of MARFEs has been achieved by controlled displacement of the plasma column to the low-field-side (LFS), which reduces the local recycling and impurity release at the inner bumper limiter. This resulted in the highest densities achieved at TEXTOR-94 of N-GW = 2.1 independent of wall conditions. In this case the maximum achievable density is limited by a radiative collapse. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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000037979 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB3261$$aBiel, W.$$b1$$uFZJ
000037979 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB3552$$aGerhauser, H.$$b2$$uFZJ
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000037979 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)5017$$aReiser, D.$$b8$$uFZJ
000037979 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)130133$$aSamm, U.$$b9$$uFZJ
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000037979 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZagorski, R.$$b12
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