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@ARTICLE{Offermann:3943,
      author       = {Offermann, D. and Gusev, O. and Donner, M. and Forbes, J.M.
                      and Hagan, M. and Mlynczak, M.G. and Oberheide, J. and
                      Preusse, P. and Schmidt, H. and Russell, J.M.},
      title        = {{R}elative intensities of middle atmosphere waves},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {114},
      issn         = {0022-1406},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-3943},
      pages        = {D06110},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
                      (DFG, Bonn) as part of the CAWSES priority program. We
                      acknowledge the support of the German Climate Computing
                      Centre (DKRZ, Hamburg) where the HAMMONIA simulations were
                      performed. J.M.F. acknowledges support under grant
                      NNX07AB74G from the NASA TIMED Program. D.O. thanks Ralf
                      Koppmann for continuous discussions and support.},
      abstract     = {Climatologies of gravity waves, quasi-stationary planetary
                      waves, and tides are compared in the upper stratosphere,
                      mesosphere, and lower thermosphere. Temperature standard
                      deviations from zonal means are used as proxies for wave
                      activity. The sum of the waves is compared to directly
                      measured total temperature fluctuations. The resulting
                      difference is used as a proxy for traveling planetary waves.
                      A preliminary climatology for these waves is proposed. A
                      ranking of the four wave types in terms of their impact on
                      the total wave state of the atmosphere is achieved, which is
                      dependent on altitude and latitude. At extratropical
                      latitudes, gravity waves mostly play a major role. Traveling
                      planetary waves are found to play a secondary role.
                      Quasi-stationary planetary waves and tides yield a lesser
                      contribution there. Vertical profiles of total temperature
                      fluctuations show a sharp vertical gradient change("kink" or
                      "bend") in the mesosphere. This is interpreted in terms of a
                      change of wave damping, and the concept of a "wave
                      turbopause" is suggested. The altitude of this wave
                      turbopause is found to be mostly determined by the relative
                      intensities of gravity waves and planetary waves. The
                      turbopause is further analyzed, including earlier mass
                      spectrometer data. It is found that the wave turbopause and
                      the mass spectrometer turbopause occur rather close
                      together. The turbopause forms a layer about 8 km thick, and
                      the data suggest an additional 3 km mixing layer on top.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000264439700002},
      doi          = {10.1029/2008JD010662},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/3943},
}