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@ARTICLE{Kasteel:396,
      author       = {Kasteel, R. and Vogel, H.-J. and Roth, K.},
      title        = {{E}ffect of non-linear adsorption on the transport
                      behaviour of {B}rilliant {B}lue in a field soil},
      journal      = {European journal of soil science},
      volume       = {53},
      issn         = {1351-0754},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-396},
      pages        = {231 - 240},
      year         = {2002},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The food dye Brilliant Blue FCF (Color Index 42090) is
                      often used as dye tracer in field studies for visualizing
                      the flow pathways of water in soils. Batch studies confirmed
                      findings of other researchers that non-linear sorption is
                      important for Brilliant Blue, especially at small
                      concentrations (< 10 g l(-1) for our soil), and that
                      retardation increases with decreasing concentrations as well
                      as with increasing ionic strength of solutions. Therefore,
                      it is not obvious if it can be used as an indicator for
                      water flow paths as is often done. In this study, we
                      compared the mobility of Brilliant Blue in a field soil
                      (gleyic Luvisol) with that of bromide. Brilliant Blue and
                      potassium bromide were simultaneously applied as a 6-mm
                      pulse on a small plot in the field, and the tracers were
                      displaced with 89 mm of tracer-free water using a constant
                      intensity of 3.9 +/- 0.2 mm hour(-1) . Both tracer
                      concentrations were determined on 144 soil cores taken from
                      a 1 m x 1 m vertical soil profile. The transport behaviour
                      differed in both (i) mean displacement and (ii) spatial
                      concentration pattern. We found the retardation of Brilliant
                      Blue could not be neglected and, in contrast to the bromide
                      pattern, a pulse splitting was observed at the plough pan.
                      Numerical simulations with a particle tracking code revealed
                      that the one-dimensional concentration profile of bromide
                      was represented fairly well by the model, but the prediction
                      of the double peak in the Brilliant Blue concentration
                      profile failed. With additional assumptions, there were
                      indications that Brilliant Blue does not follow the same
                      flow paths as bromide. However, the question of Brilliant
                      Blue taking the same flow pathways as bromide cannot be
                      adequately answered by comparing both concentration
                      distributions, because we look at two different transport
                      distances due to the retardation of Brilliant Blue. It
                      became obvious, however, that Brilliant Blue is not a
                      suitable compound for tracing the travel time of water
                      itself.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Soil Science},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000176170000007},
      doi          = {10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00437.x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/396},
}