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@ARTICLE{Hegglin:39747,
      author       = {Hegglin, M. I. and Brunner, D. and Wernli, H. and Schierz,
                      C. and Martius, O. and Hoor, P. and Fischer, H. and Spelten,
                      N. and Schiller, C. and Krebsbach, M. and Parchatka, U. and
                      Weers, U. and Staehelin, J. and Peter, Th.},
      title        = {{T}racing troposphere-to-stratosphere transport within a
                      mid-latitude deep convective system},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {4},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-39747},
      pages        = {741 - 756},
      year         = {2004},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Within the project SPURT (trace gas measurements in the
                      tropopause region) a variety of trace gases have been
                      measured in situ in order to investigate the role of
                      dynamical and chemical processes in the extra-tropical
                      tropopause region. In this paper we report on a flight on 10
                      November 2001 leading from Hohn, Germany (52degrees N) to
                      Faro, Portugal (37degrees N) through a strongly developed
                      deep stratospheric intrusion. This streamer was associated
                      with a large convective system over the western
                      Mediterranean with potentially significant
                      troposphere-to-stratosphere transport. Along major parts of
                      the flight we measured unexpectedly high NOy mixing ratios.
                      Also H2O mixing ratios were significantly higher than
                      stratospheric background levels confirming the extraordinary
                      chemical signature of the probed air masses in the interior
                      of the streamer. Backward trajectories encompassing the
                      streamer enable to analyze the origin and physical
                      characteristics of the air masses and to trace
                      troposphere-to-stratosphere transport. Near the western
                      flank of the streamer features caused by long range
                      transport, such as tropospheric filaments characterized by
                      sudden drops in the O-3 and NOy mixing ratios and enhanced
                      CO and H2O can be reconstructed in great detail using the
                      reverse domain filling technique. These filaments indicate a
                      high potential for subsequent mixing with the stratospheric
                      air. At the south-western edge of the streamer a strong
                      gradient in the NOy and the O-3 mixing ratios coincides very
                      well with a sharp gradient in potential vorticity in the
                      ECMWF fields. In contrast, in the interior of the streamer
                      the observed highly elevated NOy and H2O mixing ratios up to
                      a potential temperature level of 365K and potential
                      vorticity values of maximum 10 PVU cannot be explained in
                      terms of resolved troposphere-to-stratosphere transport
                      along the backward trajectories. Also mesoscale simulations
                      with a High Resolution Model reveal no direct evidence for
                      convective H2O injection up to this level. Elevated H2O
                      mixing ratios in the ECMWF and HRM are seen only up to about
                      tropopause height at 340 hPa and 270 hPa, respectively, well
                      below flight altitude of about 200 hPa. However, forward
                      tracing of the convective influence as identified by
                      satellite brightness temperature measurements and counts of
                      lightning strokes shows that during this part of the flight
                      the aircraft was closely following the border of an air mass
                      which was heavily impacted by convective activity over Spain
                      and Algeria. This is evidence that deep convection at
                      mid-latitudes may have a large impact on the tracer
                      distribution of the lower-most stratosphere reaching well
                      above the thunderstorms anvils as claimed by recent studies
                      using cloud-resolving models.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000221493600002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/39747},
}