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@ARTICLE{Hofzumahaus:40823,
      author       = {Hofzumahaus, A. and Lefer, B. L. and Monks, P. S. and Hall,
                      S. R. and Kylling, A. and Mayer, B. and Shetter, R. E. and
                      Junkermann, W. and Bais, A. and Calvert, J. G. and Cantrell,
                      C. A. and Madronich, S. and Edwards, G. D. and Kraus, A. and
                      Müller, M. and Bohn, B. and Schmitt, R. and Johnston, P.
                      and McKenzie, R. and Frost, G. J. and Griffioen, E. and
                      Krol, M. and Martin, T. and Pfister, G. and Röth, E. P. and
                      Ruggaber, A. and Swartz, W. H. and Lloyd, S. A. and van
                      Weele, M.},
      title        = {{P}hotolysis frequency of {O}3 to {O}(1{D}): {M}easurements
                      and modeling during the {I}nternational {P}hotolysis
                      {F}requency {M}easurement and {M}odeling {I}ntercomparison
                      ({IPMMI})},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {109},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-40823},
      pages        = {D08S90},
      year         = {2004},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {[1] The International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and
                      Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI) took place at Boulder,
                      Colorado, from 15 to 19 June 1998 and offered the
                      opportunity to test how well experimental techniques and
                      theoretical models can determine the photolysis frequency of
                      O-3 --> O(D-1) in the troposphere. Different techniques
                      measured the downwelling 2pi sr component of j((OD)-D-1) at
                      the ground and were blindly compared to each other.
                      Moreover, theoretical j((OD)-D-1) model results were blindly
                      compared to data measured under clear sky at relatively low
                      aerosol optical density. Six experimental groups operated
                      one chemical actinometer (CA), six spectroradiometers (SR),
                      and four filter radiometers (FR). General good agreement
                      with deviations less than $10\%$ among the radiometers (SR
                      and FR) was found for solar zenith angles (SZA) less than
                      60degrees, provided that the instruments used similar
                      absorption cross sections, quantum yields, and temperatures
                      for deriving j((OD)-D-1). The deviations were generally
                      larger at high solar zenith angles and reached a factor of 2
                      in some cases. Two spectroradiometers and one filter
                      radiometer showed excellent agreement with each other and
                      with the chemical actinometer at all solar zenith angles up
                      to at least 80degrees within typically $5\%.$ These
                      radiometers used recently published O(D-1) quantum yield
                      data and explicitly considered the temperature dependence of
                      j((OD)-D-1). This good agreement shows that each of the
                      different categories of instruments (CA, SR, and FR) is in
                      principle capable of accurate determinations of j((OD)-D-1).
                      A large sensitivity was found to the choice of data for the
                      O(D-1) quantum yield. The best agreement between
                      spectroradiometry and chemical actinometry was obtained when
                      recently published quantum yield data were used. The IPMMI
                      study thus supports the quantum yield recommendation by
                      National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Jet Propulsion
                      Laboratory [Sander et al., 2003] and International Union of
                      Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
                      (http://www.iupac-kinetic.ch.cam.ac.uk; data sheet POx2 from
                      2001). Fifteen models that were operated by 12 model groups
                      participated in the comparison of modeled j((OD)-D-1) with
                      measured data. Most models agreed within $15\%$ with the
                      spectroradiometer-derived j((OD)-D-1) values under clear sky
                      at SZA < 75 degrees, provided that they used similar
                      absorption cross sections, quantum yields, and temperatures.
                      While most models simulated the measured actinic flux quite
                      well, significant deviations in j((OD)-D-1) were observed in
                      cases when outdated O(D-1) quantum yield data or
                      inappropriate temperature data were used.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-II / ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB48 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000221086500001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2003JD004333},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/40823},
}