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@ARTICLE{Guo:40951,
      author       = {Guo, X.},
      title        = {{P}roperty degradation of tetragonal zirconia induced by
                      low-temperature defect reaction with water molecules},
      journal      = {Chemistry of materials},
      volume       = {16},
      issn         = {0897-4756},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-40951},
      pages        = {3988 - 3994},
      year         = {2004},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Tetragonal ZrO2 exhibits good ionic conductivity, high
                      strength, and fracture toughness. But while annealing at
                      relatively low temperatures (63-400degreesC), tetragonal
                      ZrO2 spontaneously transforms to a monoclinic one, and its
                      electrical and mechanical properties degrade severely. The
                      phenomenological observations of the low-temperature
                      degradation of tetragonal ZrO2 are summarized, and major
                      degradation mechanisms are critically reviewed. It is
                      crucial to maintain sufficient oxygen vacancy concentration
                      to stabilize the tetragonal structure; excess reduction of
                      the oxygen vacancy concentration causes the tetragonal to
                      monoclinic transformation. Water molecules can be
                      incorporated into the ZrO2 lattice by filling oxygen
                      vacancies, which leads to the formation of proton defects.
                      Experimental and theoretical evidence support such a defect
                      reaction between oxygen vacancies and water molecules. And a
                      degradation mechanism based on this defect reaction
                      satisfactorily explains all the phenomenological
                      observations. The diffusion rate of oxygen vacancies at low
                      temperatures is not high enough to cause the observed
                      degradation depth; therefore, the relatively fast diffusion
                      of proton defects most probably controls the degradation
                      process.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IFF-IEM},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB321},
      pnm          = {Kondensierte Materie},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK242},
      shelfmark    = {Chemistry, Physical / Materials Science, Multidisciplinary},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000224541600006},
      doi          = {10.1021/cm040167h},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/40951},
}