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@ARTICLE{Schmalholz:41398,
      author       = {Schmalholz, J. and Stoffregen, H. and Kemna, A. and
                      Yaramanci, U.},
      title        = {{I}maging of water content distributions inside a lysimeter
                      using {GPR} tomography},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-41398},
      pages        = {1106 - 1115},
      year         = {2004},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {In a study to investigate water content distributions
                      inside a lysimeter in a noninvasive manner, we used ground
                      penetrating radar (GPR) tomography. Our main objective was
                      to evaluate the temporal changes and spatial distributions
                      of the volumetric water content after a short but intensive
                      irrigation of part of the lysimeter. High frequency GPR
                      antennas of 1-GHz nominal frequency were used because of the
                      small dimensions of the investigated lysimeter (cylinder of
                      1.5-m and 1.2-m diameter) and the desired spatial resolution
                      in the range of decimeters. To ensure a relatively steady
                      distribution of water inside the lysimeter for the
                      time-consuming tomographic survey, simple parallel
                      transmission measurements were used to track the water
                      dynamics. Water contents and water content changes were
                      calculated by means of a mixing formula describing the
                      relation between electromagnetic wave propagation velocity
                      and the water content. The transmission measurements
                      indicate a diffusive process following the irrigation for a
                      duration of several hours. The tomographic measurements
                      clearly show the area of increased water content associated
                      with the irrigation.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Soil Science / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000227469200007},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/41398},
}