% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Konopka:41925,
      author       = {Konopka, Paul and Spang, R. and Günther, G. and Müller,
                      R. and McKenna, D. S. and Offermann, D. and Riese, M.},
      title        = {{H}ow homogeneous and isotropic is stratospheric mixing?
                      {C}omparison of {CRISTA}-1 observations with transport
                      studies based on the {C}hemical {L}agrangian {M}odel of the
                      {S}tratosphere ({CL}a{MS})},
      journal      = {Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},
      volume       = {131},
      issn         = {0035-9009},
      address      = {Weinheim [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-41925},
      pages        = {565 - 579},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS)
                      is used for the interpretation of N2O observed during the
                      CRISTA-1 experiment in early November 1994. By comparing
                      CRISTA data with CLaMS simulations, the impact of the
                      large-scale horizontal deformations on mixing is studied.
                      Using the probability density function technique (PDF)
                      quantifying the statistics of N2O variability, the critical
                      deformation gamma(c) was inferred that triggers the mixing
                      algorithm in CLaMS. The critical deformation gamma(c)
                      measures the ratio between the major and minor axes of the
                      ellipse resulting from the stretching of a circle
                      surrounding a given Lagrangian air parcel, i.e. only
                      deformations stronger than gamma(c) are relevant for mixing
                      in CLaMS.The PDF derived from CRISTA observations at 700 K
                      and on horizontal scales of the order of 200 km is
                      characterized by a Gaussian core and non-Gaussian tails
                      indicating filamentary structures typical for 2D turbulence.
                      The PDFs obtained from CLaMS simulations strongly depend on
                      gamma(c) but only weakly on the horizontal resolution r(0)
                      that was varied between 45 and 200 km. The choice gamma(c) =
                      0.8 in the model best reproduces the observed PDE This
                      implies that the large-scale isentropic transport leads to
                      scale collapse and subsequent mixing in those parts of the
                      flow where on a time scale approximate to 12 hours and a
                      spatial scale approximate to 200 km the flow stretches a
                      circle to an ellipse with the ratio between the major and
                      minor axes exceeding 5. Owing to the spatial resolution of
                      the CRISTA instrument that smooths out the non-Gaussian
                      tails, the elongation rate approximate to 5 estimates only
                      the lower bound of the critical deformation.Furthermore, our
                      simulations show that air masses of low N2O amounts observed
                      by CRISTA between 20 degrees and 40 degrees S are fragments
                      of the polar vortex that have been peeled from the vortex
                      edge. The history of these fragments can be divided into two
                      phases: formation and mixing of filaments at the vortex edge
                      where gamma > gamma(c) and pure advection of the remnants of
                      such filaments into midlatitudes in flow regions with gamma
                      < gamma(c). Here, the lifetime of such remnants may exceed
                      two weeks due to negligible mixing in these parts of the
                      flow.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000227971200009},
      doi          = {10.1256/qj.04.47},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/41925},
}