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@ARTICLE{Witthuhn:41964,
      author       = {Witthuhn, B. and Klauth, P. and Klumpp, E. and Narres,
                      H.-D. and Martinius, H.},
      title        = {{S}orption and {B}iodegradation of 2,4-{D}ichlorophenol in
                      the {P}resence of {O}rganoclays},
      journal      = {Applied clay science},
      volume       = {28},
      issn         = {0169-1317},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-41964},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The influence of sorption on the biodegradation of
                      2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) by Ralstonia eutropha was
                      investigated using organoclays. The aim was to examine the
                      suitability of organoclays combined with biodegradation in
                      remediation techniques. Two types of organoclays were used:
                      a dodecyltrimethylammonium montmorillonite. where $89\%$ of
                      the former sodium ions were exchanged by the cationic
                      surfactant (C-12-MM), and a dioctadecyldimethylammonium
                      montmorillonite complex $(35\%$ exchange of the sodium-ions)
                      (2C(18)-MM). The organoclays showed high sorption affinity
                      to DCP resulting in the intercalation of DCP into the
                      interlayers of the organoclay. The sorption processes were
                      reversible and completed within minutes. Neither organoclay
                      was inhibitory to R. eutropha degrading fructose. This was
                      different with DCP as sole energy and carbon source. In the
                      presence of DCP C-12-MM led to a decrease in cell numbers
                      caused by a coupled effect of DCP and small amounts of free
                      C-12 in solution. This was not observed with 2C(18)-MM, as
                      the concentration of 2C(18) in solution was lower because of
                      the lesser degree of exchange $(35\%$ compared to $89\%).$
                      The addition of 2C(18)-MM enabled complete biodegradation of
                      DCP in initially toxic DCP concentration ranges. Adsorption
                      lowered the DCP concentration to a non-toxic level. Because
                      the sorption process was reversible, DCP was desorbed when
                      R. eutropha reduced the DCP concentration in the liquid
                      phase by biodegradation. The whole amount of DCP-dissolved
                      and initially adsorbed-was degraded as confirmed by oxygen
                      consumption and cell concentration measurements. Organoclays
                      can be very helpful tools in remediation when the exchanged
                      amount of surfactant remains low. They even allow
                      bioremediation under toxic circumstances, as was shown with
                      2C(18)-MM. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Mineralogy},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000226392300006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.clay.2004.01.003},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/41964},
}