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@ARTICLE{McWhirter:4229,
      author       = {McWhirter, J. L. and Noguchi, H. and Gompper, G.},
      title        = {{F}low-induced clustering and alignment of vesicles and red
                      blood cells in microcapillaries},
      journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                      United States of America},
      volume       = {106},
      issn         = {0027-8424},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Academy},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-4229},
      pages        = {6039 - 6043},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {Stimulating discussions with U. B. Kaupp are gratefully
                      acknowledged. This work was supported by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft through the priority program SPP
                      1164, "Nano-and Microfluidics.''},
      abstract     = {The recent development of microfluidic devices allows the
                      investigation and manipulation of individual liquid
                      microdroplets, capsules, and cells. The collective behavior
                      of several red blood cells (RBCs) or microcapsules in narrow
                      capillaries determines their flow-induced morphology,
                      arrangement, and effective viscosity. Of fundamental
                      interest here is the relation between the flow behavior and
                      the elasticity and deformability of these objects, their
                      long-range hydrodynamic interactions in microchannels, and
                      thermal membrane undulations. We study these mechanisms in
                      an in silico model, which combines a particle-based
                      mesoscale simulation technique for the fluid hydrodynamics
                      with a triangulated-membrane model. The 2 essential control
                      parameters are the volume fraction of RBCs (the tube
                      hematocrit, H(T)), and the flow velocity. Our simulations
                      show that already at very low H(T), the deformability of
                      RBCs implies a flow-induced cluster formation above a
                      threshold flow velocity. At higher H(T) values, we predict 3
                      distinct phases: one consisting of disordered
                      biconcave-disk-shaped RBCs, another with parachute-shaped
                      RBCs aligned in a single file, and a third with
                      slipper-shaped RBCs arranged as 2 parallel interdigitated
                      rows. The deformation-mediated clustering and the
                      arrangements of RBCs and microcapsules are relevant for many
                      potential applications in physics, biology, and medicine,
                      such as blood diagnosis and cell sorting in microfluidic
                      devices.},
      keywords     = {Capillaries / Computer Simulation / Elasticity /
                      Erythrocytes / Hematocrit / Indicator Dilution Techniques /
                      Liposomes / Microcirculation / Microfluidic Analytical
                      Techniques / Pressure / Rheology / Liposomes (NLM Chemicals)
                      / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IFF-2 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {000},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB782 / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Kondensierte Materie},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK414},
      shelfmark    = {Multidisciplinary Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19369212},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC2669370},
      UT           = {WOS:000265174600004},
      doi          = {10.1073/pnas.0811484106},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/4229},
}