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@ARTICLE{Laakso:42739,
      author       = {Laakso, L. and Anttila, T. and Lehtinen, K. and Aalto, P.
                      and Kulmala, M. and Horrak, U. and Paatero, J. and Hanke, M.
                      and Arnold, F.},
      title        = {{K}inetic nucleation and ions in boreal particle formation
                      events},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {4},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-42739},
      pages        = {2353 - 2366},
      year         = {2004},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {In order to gain a more comprehensive picture on different
                      mechanisms behind atmospheric particle formation,
                      measurement results from QUEST 2-campaign are analyzed with
                      an aid of an aerosol dynamic model. A special emphasis is
                      laid on air ion and charged aerosol dynamics. Model
                      simulations indicate that kinetic nucleation of ammonia and
                      sulphuric acid together with condensation of sulphuric acid
                      and low-volatile organic vapours onto clusters and particles
                      explain basic features of particle formation events as well
                      as ion characteristics. However, an observed excess of
                      negative ions in the diameter range 1.5-3 nm and overcharge
                      of 3-5 nm particles demonstrate that ions are also involved
                      in particle formation. These observations can be explained
                      by preferential condensation of sulphuric acid onto
                      negatively charged clusters and particles and/or
                      contribution of ion-induced nucleation on particle
                      formation. According to model simulations, which assume that
                      the nucleation rate is equal to the sulfuric acid collision
                      rate, the relative contribution of ion-based particle
                      formation seems to be smaller than kinetic nucleation of
                      neutral clusters. Conducted model simulations also
                      corroborate the recently-presented hypothesis according to
                      which a large number of so-called thermodynamically stable
                      clusters (TSCs) having a diameter between 1-3 nm exist in
                      the atmosphere. TSCs were found to grow to observable sizes
                      only under favorable conditions, e. g. when the pre-existing
                      particle concentration was low.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-II},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB48},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000225408300003},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/42739},
}