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100 1 _ |a Gabriel, F. L. P.
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245 _ _ |a Isomer-specific degradation and endocrine disrupting activity of nonylphenols
260 _ _ |c 2008
|a Columbus, Ohio
|b American Chemical Society
300 _ _ |a 6399 - 6408
336 7 _ |a Journal Article
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440 _ 0 |a Environmental Science and Technology
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500 _ _ |a This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation within the framework of the National Research Programme NFP50 "Endocrine Disruptors: Relevance to Humans, Animals, and Ecosystems". We thank Dr. Ian Purvis and others at GlaxoSmithKline for kindly supplying the genetically modified yeast strain.
520 _ _ |a Degradation of technical nonylphenol by Sphingobium xenophagum Bayram led to a significant shift in the isomers composition of the mixture. By means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we could observe a strong correlation between transformation of individual isomers and their a-substitution pattern, as expressed by their assignment to one of six mass spectrometric groups. As a rule, isomers with less bulkiness at the a-carbon and those with an optimally sized main alkyl chain (4-6 carbon atoms) were degraded more efficiently. By mass spectrometric analysis, we identified the two most recalcitrant main isomers of the technical mixture (Group4) as 4-(1,2-dimethyl-1-propylbutyl) phenols (NP193a and NP193b, which are diastereomers with a bulky alpha-CH3, alpha-CH(CH3)C2H5 substitution. Our experiments with strain Bayram show that the selective enrichment of isomers with bulky a-substitutions observed in nonylphenol fingerprints of natural systems can be caused by microbial ipso-hydroxylation. Based on the yeast estrogen assay (YES), we established an estrogenicity ranking with a variety of single isomers and compared it to rankings obtained with different reporter cell systems. Structure-activity relationships derived from these data suggest that Group 4 isomers have a high estrogenic potency. This indicates a substantial risk that enrichment of highly estrogenic isomers during microbial degradation by ipso-substitution will increase the specific estrogenicity of aging material.
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700 1 _ |a Routledge, E.J.
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700 1 _ |a Heidlberger, A.
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700 1 _ |a Rentsch, D.
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700 1 _ |a Günther, K.
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700 1 _ |a Giger, W.
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700 1 _ |a Sumpter, J.P.
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700 1 _ |a Kohler, H.-P.E.
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773 _ _ |0 PERI:(DE-600)1465132-4
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856 4 _ |u https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/432/files/Gabriel-2008-Isomer-specific_degradation_and_endocrine_disrupting-%28accepted_version%29.pdf
|y Published on 2008-07-23. Available in OpenAccess from 2009-07-23.
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