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@ARTICLE{Kolber:44169,
      author       = {Kolber, Z. and Klimov, D. and Ananayev, P. I. and Rascher,
                      U. and Berry, J. and Osmond, B.},
      title        = {{M}easuring photosynthetic parameters at a distance:
                      {L}aser induced fluorescence transient ({LIFT}) method for
                      remote measurements of photosynthesis in terrestrial
                      vegetation},
      journal      = {Photosynthesis research},
      volume       = {84},
      issn         = {0166-8595},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-44169},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {We have developed a laser induced fluorescence transient
                      (LIFT) technique and instrumentation to remotely measure
                      photosynthetic properties in terrestrial vegetation at a
                      distance of up to 50 m. The LIFT method uses a 665 nm laser
                      to project a collimated, 100 mm diameter excitation beam
                      onto leaves of the targeted plant. Fluorescence emission at
                      690 nm is collected by a 250 mm reflective telescope and
                      processed in real time to calculate the efficiency of
                      photosynthetic light utilization, quantum efficiency of PS
                      II, and the kinetics of photosynthetic electron transport.
                      Operating with peak excitation power of 125 W m-2, and duty
                      cycle of $10-50\%,$ the instrument conforms to laser safety
                      regulations. The LIFT instrument is controlled via an
                      Internet connection, allowing it to operate from remote
                      locations or platforms. Here we describe the theoretical
                      basis of the LIFT methodology, and demonstrate its
                      applications in remote measurements of photosynthetic
                      properties in the canopy of cottonwood and oak trees, and in
                      the rosette of Arabidopsis mutants.},
      keywords     = {Fluorescence / Lasers / Light / Photochemistry /
                      Photosynthesis: physiology / Plant Leaves: metabolism /
                      Populus: metabolism / Quercus: metabolism / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-III},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB49},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Plant Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:16049764},
      UT           = {WOS:000230845200019},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11120-005-5092-1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/44169},
}