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000004417 084__ $$2WoS$$aEnvironmental Sciences
000004417 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129475$$aJablonowski, N. D.$$b0$$uFZJ
000004417 245__ $$aPersistence of 14C-labeled atrazine and its residues on a field lysimeter soil after 22 years
000004417 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier Science$$c2009
000004417 300__ $$a2126 - 2131
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000004417 440_0 $$08083$$aEnvironmental Pollution$$v157$$x0269-7491$$y7
000004417 500__ $$aSincere thanks are due to Mr. Gunter Henkelmann for the lysimeter soil, and to Mr. Thomas Putz for the transfer of the lysimeters. Analysis of the soil elements in solid samples by Ms. N. Merki and Ms. J. Bachhausen, ZCH, is highly appreciated. The corresponding author Nicolai D. Jablonowski is grateful for support from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), grant No. D/08/42004.
000004417 520__ $$aTwenty-two years after the last application of ring-14C-labeled atrazine at customary rate (1.7 kg ha(-1)) on an agriculturally used outdoor lysimeter, atrazine is still detectable by means of accelerated solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Extractions of the 0-10 cm soil layer yielded 60% of the residual 14C-activity. The extracts contained atrazine (1.0 microg kg(-1)) and 2-hydroxy-atrazine (42.5 microg kg(-1)). Extractions of the material of the lowest layer 55-60 cm consisting of fine gravel yielded 93% of residual 14C-activity, of which 3.4 microg kg(-1) was detected as atrazine and 17.7 microg kg(-1) was 2-hydroxy-atrazine. The detection of atrazine in the lowest layer was of almost four times higher mass than in the upper soil layer. These findings highlight the fact that atrazine is unexpectedly persistent in soil. The overall persistence of atrazine in the environment might represent a potential risk for successive groundwater contamination by leaching even after 22 years of environmental exposure.
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000004417 65320 $$2Author$$aAtrazine
000004417 65320 $$2Author$$aPersistence
000004417 65320 $$2Author$$aLeaching
000004417 65320 $$2Author$$aExtraction
000004417 65320 $$2Author$$aLC-MS/MS
000004417 65320 $$2Author$$aHalf-life
000004417 65320 $$2Author$$aBound residues
000004417 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAgriculture
000004417 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAtrazine: analysis
000004417 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCarbon Radioisotopes: analysis
000004417 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aEcology: methods
000004417 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHerbicides: analysis
000004417 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMass Spectrometry
000004417 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSoil Pollutants: analysis
000004417 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aTime Factors
000004417 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aCarbon Radioisotopes
000004417 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aHerbicides
000004417 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aSoil Pollutants
000004417 650_7 $$01912-24-9$$2NLM Chemicals$$aAtrazine
000004417 650_7 $$2WoSType$$aJ
000004417 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB4032$$aKöppchen, S.$$b1$$uFZJ
000004417 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129471$$aHofmann, D.$$b2$$uFZJ
000004417 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchäffer, A.$$b3
000004417 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB202$$aBurauel, P.$$b4$$uFZJ
000004417 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2013037-5$$a10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.004$$gVol. 157, p. 2126 - 2131$$n7$$p2126 - 2131$$q157<2126 - 2131$$tEnvironmental pollution$$v157$$x0269-7491$$y2009
000004417 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.004
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