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@ARTICLE{Jablonowski:4417,
      author       = {Jablonowski, N. D. and Köppchen, S. and Hofmann, D. and
                      Schäffer, A. and Burauel, P.},
      title        = {{P}ersistence of 14{C}-labeled atrazine and its residues on
                      a field lysimeter soil after 22 years},
      journal      = {Environmental pollution},
      volume       = {157},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {0269-7491},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-4417},
      pages        = {2126 - 2131},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {Sincere thanks are due to Mr. Gunter Henkelmann for the
                      lysimeter soil, and to Mr. Thomas Putz for the transfer of
                      the lysimeters. Analysis of the soil elements in solid
                      samples by Ms. N. Merki and Ms. J. Bachhausen, ZCH, is
                      highly appreciated. The corresponding author Nicolai D.
                      Jablonowski is grateful for support from the German Academic
                      Exchange Service (DAAD), grant No. D/08/42004.},
      abstract     = {Twenty-two years after the last application of
                      ring-14C-labeled atrazine at customary rate (1.7 kg ha(-1))
                      on an agriculturally used outdoor lysimeter, atrazine is
                      still detectable by means of accelerated solvent extraction
                      and LC-MS/MS analysis. Extractions of the 0-10 cm soil layer
                      yielded $60\%$ of the residual 14C-activity. The extracts
                      contained atrazine (1.0 microg kg(-1)) and
                      2-hydroxy-atrazine (42.5 microg kg(-1)). Extractions of the
                      material of the lowest layer 55-60 cm consisting of fine
                      gravel yielded $93\%$ of residual 14C-activity, of which 3.4
                      microg kg(-1) was detected as atrazine and 17.7 microg
                      kg(-1) was 2-hydroxy-atrazine. The detection of atrazine in
                      the lowest layer was of almost four times higher mass than
                      in the upper soil layer. These findings highlight the fact
                      that atrazine is unexpectedly persistent in soil. The
                      overall persistence of atrazine in the environment might
                      represent a potential risk for successive groundwater
                      contamination by leaching even after 22 years of
                      environmental exposure.},
      keywords     = {Agriculture / Atrazine: analysis / Carbon Radioisotopes:
                      analysis / Ecology: methods / Herbicides: analysis / Mass
                      Spectrometry / Soil Pollutants: analysis / Time Factors /
                      Carbon Radioisotopes (NLM Chemicals) / Herbicides (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Soil Pollutants (NLM Chemicals) / Atrazine (NLM
                      Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ZCH / ICG-4},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZCH-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19264386},
      UT           = {WOS:000266350800020},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.004},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/4417},
}