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000044696 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB10656$$aWegner, Reinhard$$b0$$eCorresponding author$$uFZJ
000044696 245__ $$aStudies on the Effect of Soil Moisture and Time of Application on the Distribution of the Herbicide Propoxycarbazone-Sodium (BAY MKH6561) in Plants (Wheat, Blackgrass) and Soil
000044696 260__ $$aJülich$$bForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag$$c2005
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000044696 4900_ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2414853-2$$820005$$aBerichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich$$v4163$$x0944-2952
000044696 502__ $$aBonn, Univ., Diss., 2004$$bDr. (Univ.)$$cUniv. Bonn$$d2004
000044696 500__ $$aRecord converted from VDB: 12.11.2012
000044696 520__ $$aThe distribution and concentration of propoxycarbazone-sodium (MKH6561) (a.i.) and its metabolites in plant and soil were investigated. Soil columns and lysimeters were used to examine the dependence of the herbicide action on soil moisture and time of application for crop (wheat) and target grass (ALOMY). Before application of [phenyl-UL-$^{14}$C] labelled MKH6561, various levels of soil moisture (20 to 60%WHC$_{max}$) were adjusted in orthic luvisol and gleyic cambisol. After the application at growth stages BBCH22 and 25, different precipitation events were simulated ("normal" precipitation vs. heavy rain). The aim was thus to provide information on plant uptake, translocation in soil and metabolization of a.i. as a function of soil moisture and growth stage. The results will be used to optimise the effectiveness of the compound. The experiments show higher total MKH6561 content in ALOMY due to the position of the main root horizon ("position selectivity"), compared to the deeper-rooting wheat. Wheat displayed lower percentage content of a.i. but higher content of the major plant metabolite (2-hydroxypropoxy-MKH6561) and thus better tolerance due to faster metabolization. ALOMY showed a similar distribution of both fractions and slowed down "detoxification". On the whole, the concentration [μg/g] of all the fractions considered was higher in ALOMY due to higher total MKH6561 content than in wheat. Due to the increase in mass of the plants and the resulting dilution effect, higher total MKH6561 content was found at the early (BBCH22), and lower content at the later application date (BBCH25), where a reduced effect of the herbicide is to be assumed. The soil moisture is the most important factor responsible for herbicide uptake. Thus, at high soil moisture, the greatest herbicidal effect and, at the same time, the greatest danger to the crop is to be expected. Due to lower pressure head at identical soil moisture on gleyic cambisol in comparison to orthic luvisol, high uptake rates and effectiveness of the herbicide in ALOMY on gleyic cambisol can be estimated. In the soil, at high moisture, elevated translocation is to be expected. In the subsoil, the concentrations further increase with advancing time after application. Heavy rain led to elevated translocation and plant uptake due to downward water flow and the increase of soil moisture, respectively. In gleyic cambisol, in comparison to orthic luvisol, a higher hydraulic conductivity, lower effective retardation and lower sorptive properties (weak sorption of a.i. to the soil matrix, low KOC values) were identified due to a high sand and coarse pore fraction. Thus, stronger translocation is to be expected in gleyic cambisol but concentrations of >1 $\mu$g/kg or contents of >1% of the applied quantity in subsoil layers can be ruled out. Metabolization takes place more slowly than in the plant, forming one major soil metabolite (4-hydroxysaccharin) which accumulates in soil. Degradation in gleyic cambisol was faster than in orthic luvisol.
000044696 536__ $$0G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257$$2G:(DE-HGF)$$aChemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre$$cU01$$x0
000044696 655_7 $$aHochschulschrift$$xDissertation (Univ.)
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