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@ARTICLE{Reid:44979,
      author       = {Reid, J. S. and Eck, T. F. and Christopher, S. A. and
                      Koppmann, R. and Dubovik, O. and Eleuterio, D. P. and
                      Holben, B. N. and Reid, E. A. and Zhang, J.},
      title        = {{A} review of biomass burning emissions part {III}:
                      intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {5},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-44979},
      pages        = {827 - 849},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Because of its wide coverage over much of the globe,
                      biomass burning has been widely studied in the context of
                      direct radiative forcing. Such study is warranted as smoke
                      particles scatter and at times absorb solar radiation
                      efficiently. Further, as much of what is known about smoke
                      transport and impacts is based on remote sensing
                      measurements, the optical properties of smoke particles have
                      far reaching effects into numerous aspects of biomass
                      burning studies. Global estimates of direct forcing have
                      been widely varying, ranging from near zero to -1W m(-2). A
                      significant part of this difference can be traced to varying
                      assumptions on the optical properties of smoke. This
                      manuscript is the third part of four examining
                      biomass-burning emissions. Here we review and discuss the
                      literature concerning measurement and modeling of optical
                      properties of biomass-burning particles. These include
                      available data from published sensitivity studies, field
                      campaigns, and inversions from the Aerosol Robotic Network
                      (AERONET) of Sun photometer sites. As a whole, optical
                      properties reported in the literature are varied, reflecting
                      both the dynamic nature of fires, variations in smoke aging
                      processes and differences in measurement technique. We find
                      that forward modeling or "internal closure" studies
                      ultimately are of little help in resolving outstanding
                      measurement issues due to the high degree of degeneracy in
                      solutions when using "reasonable" input parameters. This is
                      particularly notable with respect to index of refraction and
                      the treatment of black carbon. Consequently, previous claims
                      of column closure may in fact be more ambiguous. Differences
                      between in situ and retrieved omega(o) values have
                      implications for estimates of mass scattering and mass
                      absorption efficiencies. In this manuscript we review and
                      discuss this community dataset. Strengths and lapses are
                      pointed out, future research topics are prioritized, and
                      best estimates and uncertainties of key smoke particle
                      parameters are provided.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-II},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB48},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000227615700002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/44979},
}