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@PHDTHESIS{Christ:45170,
      author       = {Christ, Mareike Maja},
      title        = {{T}emporal and spatial patterns of growth and
                      photosynthesis in leaves of dicotyledonous plants under
                      long-term {CO}$_{2}$- and {O}$_{3}$-exposure},
      volume       = {57},
      school       = {Universität Düsseldorf},
      type         = {Dr. (Univ.)},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-45170},
      isbn         = {3-89336-406-4},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Umwelt /
                      Environment},
      pages        = {VIII, 126 S.},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012; Universität
                      Düsseldorf, Diss., 2005},
      abstract     = {The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to investigate
                      spatio-temporal effects of elevated [CO$_{2}$] and [O$_{3}$]
                      on leaf growth and photosynthesis in dicotyledonous plants.
                      High-resolution spatio-temporal patterns of leaf growth were
                      measured with a digital image sequence processing method
                      (DISP). For further analysis with the DISP method, the
                      accuracy and resolution was estimated. The results led to
                      the conclusion that temporal courses of leaf RGR could be
                      analyzed with a resolution of at least ]-h-means, while
                      24-h-means could be used for heterogeneity determination,
                      that requires a high spatial resolution. Effects of elevated
                      [CO$_{2}$] were investigated on $\textit{Populus deltoides}$
                      trees at Biosphere 2 Center, AZ, USA. After four years in
                      elevated [CO$_{2}$] (800 and 1200 ppm), $\textit{Populus
                      deltoides}$ did not show acclimation. In 1200 ppm, net
                      CO$_{2}$ exchange rate was stimulated by a factor of 2-3 in
                      growing leaves, accompanied by reduced stomatal conductance
                      and transpiration rate, resulting in increased water use
                      efficiency (WUE) by a factor of 2. Dark respiration was
                      increased by a factor of ca. 1.5 in growing leaves. In high
                      light, photosynthesis did not become CO$_{2}$-limited in
                      elevated [CO$_{2}$]. Excess photosynthate was not completely
                      used for leaf growth, which was accelerated but finally
                      stimulated only by a factor of 1.2, resulting in an
                      accumulation of starch in elevated [CO$_{2}$]. Relative leaf
                      growth rate (RGR), which showed a clear diel rhythm, was
                      reduced in the afternoon compared to ambient [CO$_{2}$],
                      accompanied with a reduced concentration of glucose, the
                      main carbohydrate for growth processes. Results indicate
                      that glucose availability plays an important role in the
                      control of decelerating growth stimulation in elevated
                      [CO$_{2}$]. Furthermore, elevated [CO$_{2}$] increased
                      heterogeneity of leaf RGR, presumably caused by reduced
                      stomata] conductance, as an altered transpiration rate
                      affects turgor and as such, growth. Increased patchiness of
                      growth was accompanied by increased spatial heterogeneity of
                      carbohydrate distribution, which is a further indication for
                      the role of carbohydrates in growth processes. Experiments
                      on the effects of elevated ozone ([O$_{3}$]) were performed
                      on $\textit{Glycine max}$ at SoyFACE, IL, USA. Season-long
                      elevation of [O$_{3}$] by 20 \% above ambient concentration
                      in the field led to a decreased leaf net CO$_{2}$ exchange
                      rate of $\textit{Glycine max}$ of up to 30 \% at the time of
                      pod-fill, accompanied by a reduction of stomata]
                      conductance. Effects were similar in growing and mature
                      leaves, and leaf growth was slightly reduced, while yield
                      remained unchanged. This might be explained by a shift of
                      assimilates from vegetative to reproductive growth, as
                      soluble carbohydrates were reduced in growing leaves by the
                      end of the growing season. In mature leaves, however, starch
                      accumulated, indicating altered sugar transport in elevated
                      [CO$_{2}$]. In the growth chamber it could be shown that
                      mild ozone stress (70 ppb, 6 h daily) increased the
                      heterogeneity of leaf growth, which could have been caused
                      by local damage of O$_{3}$, which entered the leaf through
                      the stomata and likewise by the altered stomata]
                      conductance. Experiments on cuttings of $\textit{Populus
                      deltoides}$ showed that fluctuating environmental conditions
                      increased spatial heterogeneity of leaf growth, and could
                      alter the diel course of the leaf RGR, but did not change
                      phasing completely. For $\textit{Populus deltoides}$, it
                      could further be shown by growth and photosynthesis
                      measurements, that veinal and vein-surrounding tissue
                      develops faster than interveinal tissue.},
      cin          = {ICG-III},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB49},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/45170},
}