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@ARTICLE{Wolters:46542,
      author       = {Wolters, A. and Steffens, M.},
      title        = {{P}hotodegradation of {A}ntibiotics on {S}oil {S}urfaces:
                      {L}aboratory {S}tudies on {S}ulfadiazine in an
                      {O}zone-{C}ontrolled {E}nvironment},
      journal      = {Environmental Science $\&$ Technology},
      volume       = {39},
      issn         = {0013-936X},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-46542},
      pages        = {6071 - 6078},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Among the processes affecting transport and degradation of
                      antibiotics released to the environment during application
                      of manure and slurry to agricultural land, photochemical
                      transformations are of particular interest. Drying-out of
                      the top soil layer under field conditions enables sorption
                      of surface-applied antibiotics to soil dust, thus
                      facilitating direct, indirect, and sensitized
                      photodegradation at the soil/atmosphere interface. For
                      studying various photochemical transformation processes of
                      sulfadiazine, a photovolatility chamber designed in
                      accordance with the requirements of the USEPA Guideline
                      closed integral 161-3 was used. Application of C-14-labeled
                      sulfadiazine enabled complete mass balances and allowed for
                      investigating the impact of various surfaces (glass and soil
                      dust) and environmental factors, i.e., irradiation and
                      atmospheric ozone, on photodegradation and volatilization.
                      Volatilization was shown to be a negligible process. Even
                      after increasing the air temperature up to 35 degrees C only
                      minor amounts of sulfadiazine and transformation products
                      $(0.01-0.28\%$ of applied radioactivity) volatilized. Due to
                      direct and indirect photodegradation, the highest extent of
                      mineralization to (CO2)-C-14 $(3.9\%),$ the formation of
                      degradation products and of nonextractable soil residues was
                      measured in irradiated soil dust experiments using ozone
                      concentrations of 200 ppb. However, even in the dark
                      significant mineralization was observed when ozone was
                      present, indicating ozone-controlled transformation of
                      sulfadiazine to occur at the soil surface.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {050},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Environmental / Environmental Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000231203100025},
      doi          = {10.1021/es048264z},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/46542},
}