% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Fiore:4664,
      author       = {Fiore, A.M. and Dentener, F.J. and Wild, O. and Cuvelier,
                      C. and Schultz, M. G. and Hess, P. and Textor, C. and
                      Schulz, M. and Doherty, R.M. and Horowitz, L.W. and
                      MacKenzie, I.A. and Sanderson, M.G. and Shindell, D.T. and
                      Stevenson, D.S. and Szopa, S. and Van Dingenen, R. and Zeng,
                      G. and Atherton, C. and Bergmann, D. and Bey, I. and
                      Carmichael, G. and Collins, W. J. and Duncan, B. N. and
                      Faluvegi, G. and Folberth, G. and Gauss, M. and Gong, S. and
                      Hauglustaine, D. and Holloway, T. and Isaksen, I.S.A. and
                      Jacob, D.J. and Jonson, J.E. and Kaminski, J.W. and Keating,
                      T. J. and Lupu, A. and Marmer, E. and Montanaro, V. and
                      Park, R.J. and Pitari, G. and Pringle, K. J. and Pyle, J.A.
                      and Schroeder, S. and Vivanco, M.G. and Wind, P. and Wojcik,
                      G. and Wu, S. and Zuber, A.},
      title        = {{M}ultimodel estimates of intercontinental source-receptor
                      relationships for ozone pollution},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {114},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-4664},
      pages        = {1 - 24},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {We are grateful to D. Jaffe and D. Reidmiller (University
                      of Washington), and to A. Gnanadesikan and R. Stouffer
                      (GFDL) and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments
                      on previous versions of the manuscript. C. A. and D. B. were
                      supported primarily by the U.S. DOE Atmospheric Science
                      Program (Office of Science, BER) at LLNL under contract
                      DE-AC52-07NA27344. R. M. D., I. A. M., and D. S. S.
                      acknowledge funding from NERC (NE/D012538/1); B.N.D. from
                      NASA MAP; M. G. S., K.J.P., and W.J.C. from the UK Defra
                      under contract AQ902 and the Joint DECC and MoD Programme,
                      (DECC) GA01101 (MoD) $CBC/2B/0417_Annex$ C5; A. L. and J. W.
                      K. from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric
                      Sciences, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, the
                      Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario
                      Innovation Trust; and M. G. V. from the Spanish Ministry of
                      the Environment. R. J. P. was partly supported by the Korea
                      Meteorological Administration Research and Development
                      Program under grant CATER 2007-3205.},
      abstract     = {Understanding the surface O-3 response over a "receptor"
                      region to emission changes over a foreign "source" region is
                      key to evaluating the potential gains from an international
                      approach to abate ozone (O-3) pollution. We apply an
                      ensemble of 21 global and hemispheric chemical transport
                      models to estimate the spatial average surface O-3 response
                      over east Asia (EA), Europe (EU), North America (NA), and
                      south Asia (SA) to $20\%$ decreases in anthropogenic
                      emissions of the O-3 precursors, NOx, NMVOC, and CO
                      (individually and combined), from each of these regions. We
                      find that the ensemble mean surface O-3 concentrations in
                      the base case (year 2001) simulation matches available
                      observations throughout the year over EU but overestimates
                      them by > 10 ppb during summer and early fall over the
                      eastern United States and Japan. The sum of the O-3
                      responses to NOx, CO, and NMVOC decreases separately is
                      approximately equal to that from a simultaneous reduction of
                      all precursors. We define a continental-scale "import
                      sensitivity" as the ratio of the O-3 response to the $20\%$
                      reductions in foreign versus "domestic" (i.e., over the
                      source region itself) emissions. For example, the combined
                      reduction of emissions from the three foreign regions
                      produces an ensemble spatial mean decrease of 0.6 ppb over
                      EU (0.4 ppb from NA), less than the 0.8 ppb from the
                      reduction of EU emissions, leading to an import sensitivity
                      ratio of 0.7. The ensemble mean surface O-3 response to
                      foreign emissions is largest in spring and late fall
                      (0.7-0.9 ppb decrease in all regions from the combined
                      precursor reductions in the three foreign regions), with
                      import sensitivities ranging from 0.5 to 1.1 (responses to
                      domestic emission reductions are 0.8-1.6 ppb). High O-3
                      values are much more sensitive to domestic emissions than to
                      foreign emissions, as indicated by lower import
                      sensitivities of 0.2 to 0.3 during July in EA, EU, and NA
                      when O-3 levels are typically highest and by the weaker
                      relative response of annual incidences of daily maximum 8-h
                      average O-3 above 60 ppb to emission reductions in a foreign
                      region(< $10-20\%$ of that to domestic) as compared to the
                      annual mean response (up to $50\%$ of that to domestic).
                      Applying the ensemble annual mean results to changes in
                      anthropogenic emissions from 1996 to 2002, we estimate a
                      Northern Hemispheric increase in background surface O-3 of
                      about 0.1 ppb a(-1), at the low end of the 0.1-0.5 ppb a(-1)
                      derived from observations. From an additional simulation in
                      which global atmospheric methane was reduced, we infer that
                      $20\%$ reductions in anthropogenic methane emissions from a
                      foreign source region would yield an O-3 response in a
                      receptor region that roughly equals that produced by
                      combined $20\%$ reductions of anthropogenic NOx, NMVOC, and
                      CO emissions from the foreign source},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000263612000001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2008JD010816},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/4664},
}