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@ARTICLE{Reidmiller:4666,
      author       = {Reidmiller, D. R. and Fiore, A.M. and Jaffe, D.A. and
                      Bergmann, D. and Cuvelier, C. and Dentener, F.J. and Duncan,
                      B. N. and Folberth, G. and Gauss, M. and Gong, S. and Hess,
                      P. and Jonson, J.E. and Keating, T. and Lupu, A. and Marmer,
                      E. and Park, R. and Schultz, M. G. and Shindell, D. T. and
                      Szopa, S. and Vivanco, M.G. and Wild, O. and Zuber, A.},
      title        = {{T}he influence of foreign vs. {N}orth {A}merican emissions
                      on surface ozone in the {US}},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-4666},
      pages        = {5027 - 5042},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {This work has been funded in large part by NSF grant
                      ATM-0724327. The authors wish to thank Jenise Swall and
                      Steve Howard (EPA) for providing daily MDA8 O3 CASTNet data
                      from 1988 through 2004 and Tracey Holloway (University of
                      Wisconsin) for many fruitful discussions and comments. CA
                      and DB were supported primarily by the US DOE Atmospheric
                      Science Program (Office of Science, BER) at LLNL under
                      Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344; BND from NASA MAP; AL from the
                      Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences,
                      the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, the Canadian
                      Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Innovation Trust;
                      MGV from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment; and RJP
                      was partly supported by the Korea Meteorological
                      Administration Research and Development Program under Grant
                      CATER 2007-3205.},
      abstract     = {As part of the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution
                      (HTAP; < a href='http://www.htap.org' $target='_blank'>$
                      http:// www.htap.org </a >) project, we analyze results from
                      15 global and 1 hemispheric chemical transport models and
                      compare these to Clean Air Status and Trends Network
                      (CASTNet) observations in the United States (US) for 2001.
                      Using the policy-relevant maximum daily 8-h average ozone
                      (MDA8 O-3) statistic, the multi-model ensemble represents
                      the observations well (mean r(2)=0.57, ensemble bias = +4.1
                      ppbv for all US regions and all seasons) despite a wide
                      range in the individual model results. Correlations are
                      strongest in the northeastern US during spring and fall
                      (r(2)=0.68); and weakest in the midwestern US in summer
                      (r(2)=0.46). However, large positive mean biases exist
                      during summer for all eastern US regions, ranging from 10-20
                      ppbv, and a smaller negative bias is present in the western
                      US during spring (similar to 3 ppbv). In nearly all other
                      regions and seasons, the biases of the model ensemble
                      simulations are < 5 ppbv. Sensitivity simulations in which
                      anthropogenic O-3-precursor emissions (NOx + NMVOC + CO +
                      aerosols) were decreased by $20\%$ in four source regions:
                      East Asia (EA), South Asia (SA), Europe (EU) and North
                      America (NA) show that the greatest response of MDA8 O-3 to
                      the summed foreign emissions reductions occurs during spring
                      in the West (0.9 ppbv reduction due to $20\%$ emissions
                      reductions from EA + SA + EU). East Asia is the largest
                      contributor to MDA8 O-3 at all ranges of the O-3
                      distribution for most regions (typically similar to 0.45
                      ppbv) followed closely by Europe. The exception is in the
                      northeastern US where emissions reductions in EU had a
                      slightly greater influence than EA emissions, particularly
                      in the middle of the MDA8 O-3 distribution (response of
                      similar to 0.35 ppbv between 35-55 ppbv). EA and EU
                      influences are both far greater (about 4x) than that from SA
                      in all regions and seasons. In all regions and seasons
                      O-3-precursor emissions reductions of $20\%$ in the NA
                      source region decrease MDA8 O-3 the most - by a factor of 2
                      to nearly 10 relative to foreign emissions reductions. The
                      O-3 response to anthropogenic NA emissions is greatest in
                      the eastern US during summer at the high end of the O-3
                      distribution (5-6 ppbv for $20\%$ reductions). While the
                      impact of foreign emissions on surface O-3 in the US is not
                      negligible - and is of increasing concern given the recent
                      growth in Asian emissions - domestic emissions reductions
                      remain a far more effective means of decreasing MDA8 O-3
                      values, particularly those above 75 ppb (the current US
                      standard).},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000268535500032},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/4666},
}