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@ARTICLE{Kemna:483,
      author       = {Kemna, A. and Vanderborght, J. and Kulessa, B. and
                      Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{I}maging and characterisation of subsurface solute
                      transport using electrical resistivity tomography ({ERT})
                      and equivalent transport models},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {267},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-483},
      pages        = {125 - 146},
      year         = {2002},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {We assess the usefulness of electrical resistivity
                      tomography (ERT) in imaging and characterising subsurface
                      solute transport in heterogeneous unconfined aquifers. A
                      field tracer experiment was conducted at the Krauthausen
                      test site, Germany. The spatial and temporal evolution of
                      the injected NaBr solute plume was monitored in a 2D ERT
                      image plane located downstream of the injection well for 90
                      days. Since ERT maps changes in bulk electrical
                      conductivity, the reconstructed images at selected time
                      intervals are first converted to solute concentration maps
                      by postulating a linear relation. The concentration maps are
                      then analysed using an equivalent convection-dispersion
                      model (CDM), which conceptualises the aquifer as a
                      homogeneous medium with a uniform mean flow velocity. As
                      demonstrated by associated synthetic model studies, ERT
                      resolution in terms of recovered equivalent dispersivities
                      is limited due to spatial smoothing inherent to the imaging
                      algorithm. Since for heterogeneous media, local
                      concentrations within the plume deviate from those predicted
                      by the equivalent CDM, we also interpret the ERT-derived
                      pixel breakthrough curves in terms of an equivalent
                      stream-tube model (STM). The STM represents transport in the
                      aquifer by a set of 1D convection-dispersion processes,
                      allowing the degree of mixing and the heterogeneity of
                      transport within the plume to be quantified. We believe that
                      the observed tracer plume is satisfactorily described by the
                      equivalent CDM, probably because the tracer plume was small
                      relative to the heterogeneity scale of the aquifer. Even
                      though application of the STM revealed some deviation from
                      the ideal homogeneous case, the equivalent dispersivity in
                      the STM matches the longitudinal dispersivity of the CDM
                      closely, consistent with predominantly homogeneous mixing.
                      However, the STM analysis illustrates how ERT results can be
                      used to quantify the variability of parameters relevant to
                      flow and transport in heterogeneous aquifers. (C) 2002
                      Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Civil / Geosciences, Multidisciplinary / Water
                      Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000178504900001},
      doi          = {10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00145-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/483},
}