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@ARTICLE{Streets:4841,
      author       = {Streets, D.G. and Yan, F. and Chin, M. and Diehl, T. and
                      Mahowald, N. and Schultz, M. and Wild, M. and Wu, Y. and Yu,
                      C.},
      title        = {{A}nthropogenic and natural contribution to regional trends
                      in aerosol optical depth, 1980-2006},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {114},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-4841},
      pages        = {D00D18},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {The work performed at Argonne National Laboratory was
                      funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
                      Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The authors
                      gratefully acknowledge the support of Ashley Williamson and
                      Bob Vallario in that office. Argonne National Laboratory is
                      operated by the University of Chicago Argonne, LLC, under
                      contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U. S. Department of
                      Energy. The radiation data archives at ETH Zurich are
                      supported by funding from the Swiss National Centre for
                      Competence in Climate Research (NCCR Climate).},
      abstract     = {Understanding the roles of human and natural sources in
                      contributing to aerosol concentrations around the world is
                      an important step toward developing efficient and effective
                      mitigation measures for local and regional air quality
                      degradation and climate change. In this study we test the
                      hypothesis that changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over
                      time are caused by the changing patterns of anthropogenic
                      emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursors. We present
                      estimated trends of contributions to AOD for eight world
                      regions from 1980 to 2006, built upon a full run of the
                      Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport model for
                      the year 2001, extended in time using trends in emissions of
                      man-made and natural sources. Estimated AOD trends agree
                      well (R > 0.5) with observed trends in surface solar
                      radiation in Russia, the United States, south Asia, southern
                      Africa, and East Asia (before 1992) but less well for
                      Organization for Economic Co-operative Development (OECD)
                      Europe (R < 0.5). The trends do not agree well for southeast
                      Asia and for East Asia (after 1992) where large-scale inter-
                      and intraannual variations in emissions from forest fires,
                      volcanic eruptions, and dust storms confound our approach.
                      Natural contributions to AOD, including forest and grassland
                      fires, show no significant long-term trends (< $1\%/a),$
                      except for a small increasing trend in OECD Europe and a
                      small decreasing trend in South America. Trends in man-made
                      contributions to AOD follow the changing patterns of
                      industrial and economic activity. We quantify the average
                      contributions of key source types to regional AOD over the
                      entire time period.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000268631700002},
      doi          = {10.1029/2008JD011624},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/4841},
}