% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@PHDTHESIS{Cesa:48448,
      author       = {Cesa, Claudia Marina},
      title        = {{M}icrostructured elastomer films to measure dynamic
                      traction forces of living animal cells with high spatial
                      resolution. {E}stablishment of the technique and first
                      results on cardiac myocytes},
      volume       = {4186},
      issn         = {0944-2952},
      school       = {Univ. Bonn},
      type         = {Dr. (Univ.)},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-48448, Juel-4186},
      series       = {Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich},
      pages        = {105 p.},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012; Bonn, Univ., Diss.,
                      2005},
      abstract     = {Almost all cell types are able to create mechanical forces.
                      These forces are very important for many cell functions like
                      cell adhesion, cell migration or cell division. Mechanical
                      forces are produced in the cell mainly by the contraction of
                      the actin-myosin complex. In adherent cells, the actin
                      cytoskeleton anchors to the substrate via integrins. The
                      linkage between integrin and the actin cytoskeleton is
                      mediated by highly dynamic protein complexes, known as focal
                      contacts. Thus, mechanical forces are transmitted to the
                      substrates at the level of the focal contacts. In this
                      project a technique for measuring mechanical forces
                      transmitted at sites of focal adhesions based on (Balaban et
                      al., 2001) was developed and adapted. In addition, as a
                      first application, forces created by single beating myocytes
                      were measured. Cells isolated from hearts of neonatal rat
                      embryos were cultivated on fibronectin coated elastomers.
                      Upon contraction of single beating cardiac myocytes, these
                      substrates were reversibly deformed. Regular patterns of
                      microstructures imprinted into the surface of the elastomer
                      served as markers for the deformations. The micropattern was
                      prepared by curing the elastomer in contact with a silicon
                      master which exhibited the negative of the pattern of
                      interest. The microstructure was prepared in a silicon
                      dioxide layer having a thickness below 500 nm. Appropriate
                      silicon dioxide coated silicon masters were prepared by
                      adapting standard techniques from semiconductor technology.
                      The mechanical properties of the used elastomer were
                      carefully characterized. It was found that the material
                      behaves as a linear and isotropic elastic medium. Mechanical
                      forces exerted by cells to the substrates were measured by
                      solving the inverse problem of elasticity theory (Schwarz et
                      al., 2003; Schwarz et al., 2002). In this work, the force
                      dipole tensor was introduced as measure of the mechanical
                      activity of the whole cell. Cardiac myocytes were examined
                      after one or two days in culture. Single beating cells with
                      visible focal adhesions that deformed the microstructured
                      substrates were selected for observation. Live cell imaging
                      was performed using reflection interference contrast
                      microscopy (RICM). In this way, the sites of focal adhesions
                      and the microstructures could be localised by the same
                      method. With this optimised technique, the effect of
                      different stiffness of the substrates on force production
                      (magnitude and transmission at the substrates) was also
                      studied. Results on substrates of five different stiffnesses
                      are shown and discussed.},
      cin          = {ISG-4},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB44},
      pnm          = {Kondensierte Materie},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK242},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/48448},
}