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@ARTICLE{Curtius:48483,
      author       = {Curtius, J. and Weigel, R. and Vössing, H.-J. and Wernli,
                      H. and Werner, A. and Volk, C.-M. and Konopka, Paul and
                      Krebsbach, M. and Schiller, C. and Roiger, A. and Schlager,
                      H. and Dreiling, V. and Borrmann, S.},
      title        = {{O}bservations of meteoritic material and implications for
                      aerosol nucleation in the winter {A}rctic lower stratosphere
                      derived from in situ particle measurements},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {5},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-48483},
      pages        = {3053 - 3069},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Number concentrations of total and non-volatile aerosol
                      particles with size diameters > 0.01 mu m as well as
                      particle size distributions (0.4 - 23 mu m diameter) were
                      measured in situ in the Arctic lower stratosphere ( 10 -
                      20.5 km altitude). The measurements were obtained during the
                      campaigns European Polar Stratospheric Cloud and Lee Wave
                      Experiment (EUPLEX) and Envisat-Arctic-Validation (EAV). The
                      campaigns were based in Kiruna, Sweden, and took place from
                      January to March 2003. Measurements were conducted onboard
                      the Russian high-altitude research aircraft Geophysica using
                      the low-pressure Condensation Nucleus Counter COPAS
                      (COndensation PArticle Counter System) and a modified FSSP
                      300 ( Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe). Around 18 - 20
                      km altitude typical total particle number concentrations
                      n(t) range at 10 - 20 cm(-3) ( ambient conditions).
                      Correlations with the trace gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and
                      trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) are discussed. Inside the
                      polar vortex the total number of particles > 0.01 mu m
                      increases with potential temperature while N2O is decreasing
                      which indicates a source of particles in the above polar
                      stratosphere or mesosphere. A separate channel of the COPAS
                      instrument measures the fraction of aerosol particles
                      non-volatile at 250 degrees C. Inside the polar vortex a
                      much higher fraction of particles contained non-volatile
                      residues than outside the vortex ( similar to $67\%$ inside
                      vortex, similar to $24\%$ outside vortex). This is most
                      likely due to a strongly increased fraction of meteoric
                      material in the particles which is transported downward from
                      the mesosphere inside the polar vortex. The high fraction of
                      non-volatile residual particles gives therefore experimental
                      evidence for downward transport of mesospheric air inside
                      the polar vortex. It is also shown that the fraction of
                      non-volatile residual particles serves directly as a
                      suitable experimental vortex tracer. Nanometer-sized
                      meteoric smoke particles may also serve as nuclei for the
                      condensation of gaseous sulfuric acid and water in the polar
                      vortex and these additional particles may be responsible for
                      the increase in the observed particle concentration at low
                      N2O. The number concentrations of particles > 0.4 mu m
                      measured with the FSSP decrease markedly inside the polar
                      vortex with increasing potential temperature, also a
                      consequence of subsidence of air from higher altitudes
                      inside the vortex. Another focus of the analysis was put on
                      the particle measurements in the lowermost stratosphere. For
                      the total particle density relatively high number
                      concentrations of several hundred particles per cm(3) at
                      altitudes below similar to 14 km were observed in several
                      flights. To investigate the origin of these high number
                      concentrations we conducted air mass trajectory calculations
                      and compared the particle measurements with other trace gas
                      observations. The high number concentrations of total
                      particles in the lowermost stratosphere are probably caused
                      by transport of originally tropospheric air from lower
                      latitudes and are potentially influenced by recent particle
                      nucleation.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000233317600002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/48483},
}