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@ARTICLE{Konopka:4938,
      author       = {Konopka, P. and Grooß, J.-U. and Plöger, F. and Müller,
                      R.},
      title        = {{A}nnual cycle of horizontal in-mixing into the lower
                      tropical stratosphere},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {114},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-4938},
      pages        = {D19111},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Based on the HALOE and SHADOZ observations of ozone (O-3)
                      and on a simple conceptual model of transport and
                      photochemistry, the seasonality of O-3 within the
                      stratospheric part of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL)
                      extending between 360 and 420 K potential temperature is
                      discussed. We show that the seasonality of O-3 diagnosed on
                      pressure (p) surfaces has a significantly larger annual
                      cycle compared with the same kind of analysis on surfaces
                      with constant potential temperature (theta), in particular
                      around p = 80 hPa, where the strongest annual variation in
                      tropical temperature occurs. Thus by using theta instead of
                      p as the vertical coordinate, the (seasonal) adiabatic
                      variability is removed, and consequently, a much smaller
                      seasonal cycle of O-3 remains, which can be understood as a
                      consequence of chemistry, cross-isentropic transport
                      (upwelling), and horizontal, i.e., quasi-isentropic,
                      transport (in-mixing). Furthermore, we show that the
                      observed, theta-related seasonality of O-3, with highest
                      values during boreal summer, cannot be understood only by
                      photolytical O-3 production in slowly rising air masses,
                      which are well isolated from the extratropics. By using the
                      SHADOZ climatology at theta = 360 K and quantifying the
                      photochemical production of O-3 in ascending air above theta
                      = 360 K, we determine the residual variability between the
                      observations (SHADOZ, HALOE) and the calculated O-3 values
                      and, consequently, interpret this residuum as horizontal
                      in-mixing from the extratropical stratosphere. We find that
                      between 380 and 420 K, in-mixing contributes to about $40\%$
                      of the observed O-3 mixing ratios during boreal summer.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000270698500005},
      doi          = {10.1029/2009JD011955},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/4938},
}