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@ARTICLE{Engel:50465,
      author       = {Engel, A. and Bönisch, H. and Brunner, D. and Fischer, H.
                      and Franke, H. and Günther, G. and Gurk, C. and Hegglin, M.
                      and Hoor, P. and Königstedt, R. and Krebsbach, M. and
                      Maser, R. and Parchatka, U. and Peter, Th. and Schell, D.
                      and Schiller, C. and Schmidt, U. and Spelten, N. and Szabo,
                      T. and Weers, U. and Wernli, H. and Wetter, Th. and Wirth,
                      V.},
      title        = {{H}ighly resolved observations of trace gases in the
                      lowermost stratosphere and upper troposphere from the
                      {S}purt project: an overview},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {6},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-50465},
      pages        = {283 - 301},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {During SPURT (Spurenstofftransport in der
                      Tropopausenregion, trace gas transport in the tropopause
                      region) we performed measurements of a wide range of trace
                      gases with different lifetimes and sink/source
                      characteristics in the northern hemispheric upper
                      troposphere (UT) and lowermost stratosphere (LMS). A large
                      number of in-situ instruments were deployed on board a
                      Learjet 35A, flying at altitudes up to 13.7 km, at times
                      reaching to nearly 380 K potential temperature. Eight
                      measurement campaigns (consisting of a total of 36 flights),
                      distributed over all seasons and typically covering
                      latitudes between 35 degrees N and 75 degrees N in the
                      European longitude sector (10 degrees W-20 degrees E), were
                      performed. Here we present an overview of the project,
                      describing the instrumentation, the encountered
                      meteorological situations during the campaigns and the data
                      set available from SPURT. Measurements were obtained for
                      N2O, CH4, CO, CO2, CFC12, H-2, SF6, NO, NOy, O-3 and H2O. We
                      illustrate the strength of this new data set by showing mean
                      distributions of the mixing ratios of selected trace gases,
                      using a potential temperature-equivalent latitude coordinate
                      system. The observations reveal that the LMS is most
                      stratospheric in character during spring, with the highest
                      mixing ratios of O3 and NOy and the lowest mixing ratios of
                      N2O and SF6. The lowest mixing ratios of NOy and O3 are
                      observed during autumn, together with the highest mixing
                      ratios of N2O and SF6 indicating a strong tropospheric
                      influence. For H2O, however, the maximum concentrations in
                      the LMS are found during summer, suggesting unique
                      (temperature- and convection-controlled) conditions for this
                      molecule during transport across the tropopause. The SPURT
                      data set is presently the most accurate and complete data
                      set for many trace species in the LMS, and its main value is
                      the simultaneous measurement of a suite of trace gases
                      having different lifetimes and physical-chemical histories.
                      It is thus very well suited for studies of atmospheric
                      transport, for model validation, and for investigations of
                      seasonal changes in the UT/LMS, as demonstrated in
                      accompanying and elsewhere published studies.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000235048100001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/50465},
}