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@ARTICLE{Pan:51202,
      author       = {Pan, L. L. and Konopka, Paul and Browell, E. V.},
      title        = {{O}bservations and model simulations of mixing near the
                      extratropical tropopause},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {111},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-51202},
      pages        = {D05106},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {[1] Mixing of stratospheric and tropospheric air plays an
                      essential role in the stratosphere-troposphere exchange
                      (STE) of chemical species. Although evidence of mixing is
                      frequently observed, quantifying its effect has been a
                      significant challenge. We present an analysis using both
                      observations and modeling tools to address the issues of
                      where mixing occurs and how models can quantify its effect
                      to STE across the extratropical tropopause. The data are
                      from remote and in situ measurements on board the NASA DC-8
                      during the Subsonic Assessment: Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides
                      Experiment (SONEX). The model simulations use the Chemical
                      Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). Our analyses
                      use tracer correlations together with lidar measurements of
                      ozone cross sections to characterize the spatial extent of
                      the observed mixing. The results also serve to identify the
                      air mass that is involved in an irreversible exchange.
                      Results of the CLaMS simulations of lidar and in situ
                      observations for a case observed on 29 October 1997
                      demonstrate the model's ability to characterize mixing near
                      the tropopause. The results also indicate that using the
                      shear and deformation in large-scale winds, we can reproduce
                      the observed mixing and the overall features of the
                      stratospheric intrusion. An artificial tracer is used to
                      quantify the transport between the stratosphere and
                      troposphere, to track the preferred location and the
                      cumulative effect of mixing. These results demonstrate
                      progress toward modeling mixing and STE using Lagrangian
                      models and show the potential of the CLaMS model in
                      quantifying the effect of mixing on the chemical composition
                      of the upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric region.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-I},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB47},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000236270400006},
      doi          = {10.29/2005JD006480},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/51202},
}