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000005152 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.065
000005152 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000267756900027
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000005152 041__ $$aeng
000005152 082__ $$a610
000005152 084__ $$2WoS$$aNeurosciences
000005152 084__ $$2WoS$$aNeuroimaging
000005152 084__ $$2WoS$$aRadiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
000005152 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJakobs, O.$$b0
000005152 245__ $$aEffects of timing and movement uncertainty implicate the temporo-parietal junction in the prediction of forthcoming motor actions
000005152 260__ $$aOrlando, Fla.$$bAcademic Press$$c2009
000005152 300__ $$a667  -677
000005152 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article
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000005152 440_0 $$04545$$aNeuroImage$$v47$$x1053-8119$$y2
000005152 500__ $$aK.Z. acknowledges funding partly by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO-112) and partly by the Human Brain Project/Neuroinformatics Research by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Institute of Mental Health. SBE is supported by the Human Brain Project (R01-MH074457-01A1).
000005152 520__ $$aThe concept of predictive coding supposes the brain to build predictions of forthcoming events in order to decrease the computational load, thereby facilitating efficient reactions. In contrast, increasing uncertainty, i.e., lower predictability, should increase reaction time and neural activity due to reactive processing and believe updating. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan subjects reacting to briefly presented arrows pointing to either side by pressing a button with the corresponding index finger. Predictability of these stimuli was manipulated along the independently varied factors "response type" (known hand or random, i.e., unknown order) and "timing" (fixed or variable intervals between stimuli). Behavioural data showed a significant reaction-time advantage when either factor was predictable, confirming the hypothesised reduction in computational load. On the neural level, only the right temporo-parietal junction showed enhanced activation upon both increased task and timing uncertainty. Moreover, activity in this region also positively correlated with reaction time. There was, however, a dissociation between both factors in the frontal lobe, as increased timing uncertainty recruited right BA 44, whereas increased response uncertainty activated the right ventral premotor cortex, the pre-SMA and the DLPFC. In line with the theoretical framework of predictive coding as a load-saving mechanism no brain region showed significantly increased activity in the lower uncertainty conditions or correlated negatively with reaction times. This study hence provided behavioural and neuroimaging evidence for predictive motor coding and points to a key role of the right temporo-parietal junction in its implementation.
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000005152 65320 $$2Author$$afMRI
000005152 65320 $$2Author$$aReaction time
000005152 65320 $$2Author$$aParietal
000005152 65320 $$2Author$$aFrontal
000005152 65320 $$2Author$$aHand
000005152 65320 $$2Author$$aMovement
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAdult
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aEvoked Potentials: physiology
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFemale
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMiddle Aged
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMovement: physiology
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aParietal Lobe: physiology
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPsychomotor Performance: physiology
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aReaction Time: physiology
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aTemporal Lobe: physiology
000005152 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aYoung Adult
000005152 650_7 $$2WoSType$$aJ
000005152 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB75806$$aWang, L.E.$$b1$$uFZJ
000005152 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB58058$$aDafotakis, M.$$b2$$uFZJ
000005152 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB500$$aGrefkes, C.$$b3$$uFZJ
000005152 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)131714$$aZilles, K.$$b4$$uFZJ
000005152 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)131678$$aEickhoff, S. B.$$b5$$uFZJ
000005152 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1471418-8$$a10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.065$$gVol. 47, p. 667  -677$$p667  -677$$q47<667  -677$$tNeuroImage$$v47$$x1053-8119$$y2009
000005152 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.065
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