TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakobs, O.
AU  - Wang, L.E.
AU  - Dafotakis, M.
AU  - Grefkes, C.
AU  - Zilles, K.
AU  - Eickhoff, S. B.
TI  - Effects of timing and movement uncertainty implicate the temporo-parietal junction in the prediction of forthcoming motor actions
JO  - NeuroImage
VL  - 47
SN  - 1053-8119
CY  - Orlando, Fla.
PB  - Academic Press
M1  - PreJuSER-5152
SP  - 667  -677
PY  - 2009
N1  - K.Z. acknowledges funding partly by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO-112) and partly by the Human Brain Project/Neuroinformatics Research by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Institute of Mental Health. SBE is supported by the Human Brain Project (R01-MH074457-01A1).
AB  - The concept of predictive coding supposes the brain to build predictions of forthcoming events in order to decrease the computational load, thereby facilitating efficient reactions. In contrast, increasing uncertainty, i.e., lower predictability, should increase reaction time and neural activity due to reactive processing and believe updating. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan subjects reacting to briefly presented arrows pointing to either side by pressing a button with the corresponding index finger. Predictability of these stimuli was manipulated along the independently varied factors "response type" (known hand or random, i.e., unknown order) and "timing" (fixed or variable intervals between stimuli). Behavioural data showed a significant reaction-time advantage when either factor was predictable, confirming the hypothesised reduction in computational load. On the neural level, only the right temporo-parietal junction showed enhanced activation upon both increased task and timing uncertainty. Moreover, activity in this region also positively correlated with reaction time. There was, however, a dissociation between both factors in the frontal lobe, as increased timing uncertainty recruited right BA 44, whereas increased response uncertainty activated the right ventral premotor cortex, the pre-SMA and the DLPFC. In line with the theoretical framework of predictive coding as a load-saving mechanism no brain region showed significantly increased activity in the lower uncertainty conditions or correlated negatively with reaction times. This study hence provided behavioural and neuroimaging evidence for predictive motor coding and points to a key role of the right temporo-parietal junction in its implementation.
KW  - Adult
KW  - Evoked Potentials: physiology
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Movement: physiology
KW  - Parietal Lobe: physiology
KW  - Psychomotor Performance: physiology
KW  - Reaction Time: physiology
KW  - Temporal Lobe: physiology
KW  - Young Adult
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:19398017
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000267756900027
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.065
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5152
ER  -