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@ARTICLE{Jakobs:5152,
      author       = {Jakobs, O. and Wang, L.E. and Dafotakis, M. and Grefkes, C.
                      and Zilles, K. and Eickhoff, S. B.},
      title        = {{E}ffects of timing and movement uncertainty implicate the
                      temporo-parietal junction in the prediction of forthcoming
                      motor actions},
      journal      = {NeuroImage},
      volume       = {47},
      issn         = {1053-8119},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Academic Press},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-5152},
      pages        = {667 -677},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {K.Z. acknowledges funding partly by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO-112) and partly by the Human
                      Brain Project/Neuroinformatics Research by the National
                      Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, the
                      National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and
                      the National Institute of Mental Health. SBE is supported by
                      the Human Brain Project (R01-MH074457-01A1).},
      abstract     = {The concept of predictive coding supposes the brain to
                      build predictions of forthcoming events in order to decrease
                      the computational load, thereby facilitating efficient
                      reactions. In contrast, increasing uncertainty, i.e., lower
                      predictability, should increase reaction time and neural
                      activity due to reactive processing and believe updating. We
                      used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan
                      subjects reacting to briefly presented arrows pointing to
                      either side by pressing a button with the corresponding
                      index finger. Predictability of these stimuli was
                      manipulated along the independently varied factors "response
                      type" (known hand or random, i.e., unknown order) and
                      "timing" (fixed or variable intervals between stimuli).
                      Behavioural data showed a significant reaction-time
                      advantage when either factor was predictable, confirming the
                      hypothesised reduction in computational load. On the neural
                      level, only the right temporo-parietal junction showed
                      enhanced activation upon both increased task and timing
                      uncertainty. Moreover, activity in this region also
                      positively correlated with reaction time. There was,
                      however, a dissociation between both factors in the frontal
                      lobe, as increased timing uncertainty recruited right BA 44,
                      whereas increased response uncertainty activated the right
                      ventral premotor cortex, the pre-SMA and the DLPFC. In line
                      with the theoretical framework of predictive coding as a
                      load-saving mechanism no brain region showed significantly
                      increased activity in the lower uncertainty conditions or
                      correlated negatively with reaction times. This study hence
                      provided behavioural and neuroimaging evidence for
                      predictive motor coding and points to a key role of the
                      right temporo-parietal junction in its implementation.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Evoked Potentials: physiology / Female / Humans /
                      Male / Middle Aged / Movement: physiology / Parietal Lobe:
                      physiology / Psychomotor Performance: physiology / Reaction
                      Time: physiology / Temporal Lobe: physiology / Young Adult /
                      J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-2 / JARA-BRAIN / INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406 / $I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409},
      shelfmark    = {Neurosciences / Neuroimaging / Radiology, Nuclear Medicine
                      $\&$ Medical Imaging},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19398017},
      UT           = {WOS:000267756900027},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.065},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5152},
}