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@ARTICLE{Rockel:51520,
      author       = {Rockel, P. and Strube, F. and Rockel, A. and Wildt, J. and
                      Kaiser, W.},
      title        = {{R}egulation of nitric oxide ({NO}) production by plant
                      nitrate reductase in vivo and in vitro},
      journal      = {The journal of experimental botany},
      volume       = {53},
      issn         = {0022-0957},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-51520},
      pages        = {103 - 110},
      year         = {2002},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {NO (nitric oxide) production from sunflower plants
                      (Helianthus annuus L.), detached spinach leaves (Spinacia
                      oleracea L.), desalted spinach leaf extracts or commercial
                      maize (Zea mays L.) leaf nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1)
                      was continuously followed as NO emission into the gas phase
                      by chemiluminescence detection, and its response to
                      post-translational NR modulation was examined in vitro and
                      in vivo. NR (purified or in crude extracts) in vitro
                      produced NO at saturating NADH and nitrite concentrations at
                      about $1\%$ of its nitrate reduction capacity. The K-m for
                      nitrite was relatively high (100 muM) compared to nitrite
                      concentrations in illuminated leaves (10 muM). NO production
                      was competitively inhibited by physiological nitrate
                      concentrations (K-i=50 muM). Importantly, inactivation of NR
                      in crude extracts by protein phosphorylation with MgATP in
                      the presence of a protein phosphatase inhibitor also
                      inhibited NO production. Nitrate-fertilized plants or leaves
                      emitted NO into purified air. The NO emission was lower in
                      the dark than in the light, but was generally only a small
                      fraction of the total NR activity in the tissue (about
                      $0.01-0.1\%).$ In order to check for a modulation of NO
                      production in vivo, NR was artificially activated by
                      treatments such as anoxia, feeding uncouplers or AICAR (a
                      cell permeant 5'-AMP analogue). Under all these conditions,
                      leaves were accumulating nitrite to concentrations exceeding
                      those in normal illuminated leaves up to 100-fold, and NO
                      production was drastically increased especially in the dark.
                      NO production by leaf extracts or intact leaves was
                      unaffected by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. It is
                      concluded that in non-elicited leaves NO is produced in
                      variable quantities by NR depending on the total NR
                      activity, the NR activation state and the cytosolic nitrite
                      and nitrate concentration.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-III},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB49},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Plant Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000172864100012},
      doi          = {10.1093/jexbot/53.366.103},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/51520},
}